Glycerol salicylate‐based containing α‐tricalcium phosphate as a bioactive root canal sealer

Abstract

The use of bioactive materials instead of inert materials to fill the root canal space could be an effective approach to achieve a hermetic seal and stimulate the healing of periapical tissues. The purpose of this study was to develop and characterize an endodontic sealer based on a glycerol salicylate resin and α-tricalcium phosphate (αTCP) at physical and chemical properties. Different sealers were formulated using 70% of a glycerol salicylate resin and 30% of a mixture of calcium hydroxide and αTCP (0, 5, 10, or 15%, in weight). Sealers formulated were characterized based on setting time, in vitro degradation over time, pH, cytotoxicity, and mineral deposition. Sealers presented setting time ranging from 240 to 405 min, and basic pH over 8.21 after 28 days. Higher αTCP concentration leads to sealers with low solubility. Cell viability after 48 h in direct contact with sealers was similar to a commercial sealer used as reference. The 10% and 15% αTCP sealers exhibited a calcium-phosphate layer on the surface after immersion in water and SBF for 7 days. Glycerol salicylate sealers with 10% and 15% α-tricalcium phosphate showed reliable physical-chemical properties and apatite-forming ability.

Pentaerythritol Tetrasalicylate in the Chemical Composition of Root Canal Sealers

“…This reaction is responsible for setting and also to promote physicochemical characteristics to the material (8). Many studies have evaluated different calcium sources in an attempt to solve drawbacks of this type of sealers (7,22), however changes in salicylates resin had not been studied. In this study was hypothesized that changes in the molecular structure of salicylate derivatives results in different physicochemical characteristics of the polymer formed as rheological characteristics, solubility, and strength.…”

“…Due to their biological properties, this type of root sealer is capable to release calcium ions and hydroxyls that increase the pH (4)(5)(6)(7)(8) and induces the repair of the affected area through the neo-tissue formation (9). Although calcium-based sealers present excellent biological properties, several studies have reported their high solubility (8,10) and weak or no adhesion to dental tissues (11), factors that determine the outcome of root canal treatment.…”

“…Although calcium-based sealers present excellent biological properties, several studies have reported their high solubility (8,10) and weak or no adhesion to dental tissues (11), factors that determine the outcome of root canal treatment. In attempt to overcome these drawbacks, low solubility calcium alternative sources, such as mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) have been tested as components of new endodontic sealers (7,8,12). The advantage of replacing the calcium hydroxide by MTA is the possibility to control or, at least, to reduce the excessive solubility of currents sealers without loss the desirable biological properties (13).…”

Novel Bioactive and Therapeutic Root Canal Sealers with Antibacterial and Remineralization Properties

“…In addition, the acidic nature of some chelating agents like acetic acid and citric acid used during removal of the smear layer may contribute to the dissolution of tooth minerals. Remineralizing fillers were incorporated into root canal filling systems to reverse the action of demineralizing irrigation solutions and increase the hardness of the dentin structure through the deposition of tooth minerals [27,32,33]. The availability of remineralizing ions at high concentrations near the dentin surface favors their deposition and promotes remineralization.…”

Methacrylate‐based root canal sealer containing chlorexidine and α‐tricalcium phosphate

“…Inorganic fillers, such as amorphous calcium phosphates, can be used in polymeric matrixes to overcome degradation issues . Among calcium phosphates, α‐tricalcium phosphate (α‐TCP) is a soluble compound that interacts with tissues to stimulate mineral deposition on the sealer‐root canal interface increasing periapical tissues healing . Combining the antibacterial effect of CHX with potential bioactive properties of α‐TCP may lead to a better canal sealing with reduction in residual bacteria.…”