Glycerine esterification with free fatty acids: Homogeneous catalysis

Maquirriain, Maira Alejandra; Querini, C.A.; Pisarello, María Laura

doi:10.1016/j.cherd.2021.04.018

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The obtained products showed a viscosity greater than a common 80 N base oil and comparable with the viscosity of a 150 N lubricant base oil. Taking as a reference the work conducted by Maquirriain et al [15], in which the authors used homogeneous catalysts, in our work, glycerol was also used as polyalcohol to confirm the good activity of the sulfonic resins in the esterification reaction. Additionally, in this case, the results showed an excellent activity of the synthesized resin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…At this temperature, the blank contribution to the conversion is low (around 8%) but the values obtained with the use of sulfonic resins and sulfuric acid is high; using sulfuric acid, 80% was reached, compared with 81% for non-reticulated resin and 75% with reticulated ones, respectively. In their study, Maquirriain et al [15] showed that in the glycerol esterification, homogeneous catalysts (e.g., sulfuric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, and methanesulfonic acid) were preferred to the heterogeneous ones thanks to their higher activity. In our work, it was seen that for the system oleic acid-glycerol (Figure 4b) the highest conversion values are achieved using sulfonic resins and these values are comparable to those obtained using sulfuric acid.…”

Section: Catalytic Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In their study, Maquirriain et al [15] showed that in the glycerol esterification, homogeneous catalysts (e.g., sulfuric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, and methanesulfonic acid) were preferred to the heterogeneous ones thanks to their higher activity. In our work, it was seen that for the system oleic acid-glycerol (Figure 4b) the highest conversion values are achieved using sulfonic resins and these values are comparable to those obtained using sulfuric acid.…”

Section: Catalytic Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the literature [15], glycerol esterification was made mainly in the presence of homogeneous catalysts, considered more active than the heterogeneous ones. In this work, heterogeneous sulfonic resins were used in the esterification of oleic acid with 1,3-propanediol to synthesize lubricant bases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Production of Sustainable Biochemicals by Means of Esterification Reaction and Heterogeneous Acid Catalysts

et al. 2021

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In recent years, the use of renewable raw materials for the production of chemicals has been the subject of different studies. In particular, the interest of the present study was the use of oleins, mixtures of free fatty acids (FFAs), and oleic acid to produce bio-based components for lubricants formulations and the investigation of the performance of a styrene-divinylbenzene acid resin (sPSB-SA) in the esterification reaction of fatty acids. This resin has shown good activity as a heterogeneous catalyst and high stability at elevated temperatures (180 °C). It was tested in the esterification reaction of oleic acid with 1,3-propanediol and of oleic acid with glycerol. In particular, the esterification reactions were performed in a steel stirred batch reactor and a PBR loop reactor. Tests were conducted varying the reaction conditions, such as alcohol type, temperature, reaction time, and catalysts, both homogeneous and heterogeneous ones. From the obtained results, acid resin (both in reticulated and not-reticulated form) showed high activity in esterification reaction of oleic acid with 1,3-propanediol and of oleic acid with glycerol and good resistance to the deactivation; thus, they can be considered promising candidates for future applications in continuous devices. Viscosity tests were performed, underlining the good properties of the obtained products as lubricant bases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Catalytic Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Catalytic Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Production of Sustainable Biochemicals by Means of Esterification Reaction and Heterogeneous Acid Catalysts

et al. 2021

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“…21 Homogeneous catalysts are not easy to separate, which decreases the repeatability of experiments and ease of producing by-products during the reaction, which has certain damage to equipment (corrosion of equipment). [22][23][24][25] Heterogeneous catalysts may e recovered by filtering, centrifugation or even direct dumping of products at any stage of the reaction. Therefore, the application of heterogeneous catalysts in esterification is of farreaching significance, whereas solid acid catalysts have been studied widely because of good recyclability and environmental protection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of porous macromolecule oxazine poly‐ionic liquid solid acid catalyst and its application in an esterification reaction

Wang

Liu

et al. 2022

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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Background Chinese research on citrate is typically into plasticizer alternatives to the carcinogenic phthalate (PAEs) plasticizers. PAEs plasticizers can induce obesity and metabolic disorders, whereas citric acid vinegar plasticizers have the advantages of low biological toxicity and environmental friendliness. Results Novel porous macromolecule oxazine poly‐ionic liquid solid acid catalysts were prepared and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunner−Emmet−Teller(BET) measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Characterization results showed that the synthesized catalyst was a porous polymer with good heat stability. The catalytic performance of the catalyst was evaluated by synthesis of tributyl citrate from citric acid and n‐butanol. Conclusion The optimal reaction conditions were determined as 9% (wt%) citrate mass. The experimental results showed that the optimal reaction conditions were determined as amount of catalyst 9% (wt% citrate mass), 150 °C reaction temperature, 3.5 h reaction time and 1:3 ratio of citric acid and n‐butanol. Under optimal conditions, the conversion rate of citrate acid was ≤91.74%. The catalytic activity did not reduce obviously after being reused for ten times. Then, the reaction conditions were fited by the surface optimization method. The fitted optimum conditions were as follows: 8.881% amount of catalyst (mass of citric acid), 148.259 °C reaction temperature, 3.331 h reaction time, 1:2.958 citric acid:n‐butanol ratio; this gave a conversion rate of citric acid of ≤92.998%. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

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Ionic Liquid Modified Macropore Resin AB-8 as an Efficient Catalyst for Biodiesel Production

Xiang,

Liao,

Yan

et al. 2024

Catal Lett

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Glycerine esterification with free fatty acids: Homogeneous catalysis

Cited by 19 publications

References 30 publications

Production of Sustainable Biochemicals by Means of Esterification Reaction and Heterogeneous Acid Catalysts

Production of Sustainable Biochemicals by Means of Esterification Reaction and Heterogeneous Acid Catalysts

Preparation of porous macromolecule oxazine poly‐ionic liquid solid acid catalyst and its application in an esterification reaction

Ionic Liquid Modified Macropore Resin AB-8 as an Efficient Catalyst for Biodiesel Production

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