Glycerides isolated from the aerial parts of Malva verticillata cause immunomodulation effects via splenocyte function and NK anti-tumor activity

Abstract

A preliminary study revealed that a 10 µg/mL -BuOH fraction of aerial parts significantly enhanced splenocyte proliferation and induced significant enhancement of natural-killer (NK) cell activity against tumor cells (YAC-1). This study was initiated to identify the principal components that exhibited these activities, and four glycerides were isolated through repeated SiO and ODS column chromatography. Structures of compounds - were determined to be (2)-1--palmitoyl glyceride, (2)-1--stearoyl glyceride, (2)-1--linolenoyl glyceride, and (2)-1,2-di--linoleoyl glyceride, respectively. Compounds - showed potential immune-enhancing activity in murine splenocyte and natural-killer (NK) cells at 10 µM. In contrast, compound showed weak activity, indicating the monoacyl glycerides (-) are more effective than diacyl glyceride (). Also, the longer the carbon number of the fatty acid in monoacyl glyceride, the better the activity, and the monoacyl glyceride including an unsaturated fatty acid () is more effective than the glycerides including the saturated fatty acids (-).

Egg Yolk Protein Water Extracts Modulate the Immune Response in BALB/c Mice with Immune Dysfunction Caused by Forced Swimming

“…It is well known that NK cells can suppress tumor growth and metastasis effectively [ 40 ]. NK cells are present in peripheral blood monocyte cells (PBMCs) at 5–15%, and in splenocytes at 3–4% [ 41 ].…”

AMPK Activity: A Primary Target for Diabetes Prevention with Therapeutic Phytochemicals

“…Malva verticillata (MV) seeds contain various polysaccharides and flavonoids that are known to have diuretic effects [78]. The ethanol extract from MV seeds has been shown to increase the phosphorylation of AMPK and its substrate ACC, leading to increased glucose uptake in L6 myotubes [79].…”

“…Phytochemicals or plants and their target mechanism via AMPK activation in diabetes[54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][85][86][87][88].…”

Flavonoid 8-O-Glucuronides from the Aerial Parts of Malva verticillata and Their Recovery Effects on Alloxan-Induced Pancreatic Islets in Zebrafish

“…However, reports on the chemical (Chem) constituents and biological activities of the aerial parts of M. verticillata were very insufficient. In our preliminary study, the aqueous fraction (Fr) of the aerial parts of M. verticillata , exhibiting very high quantity of flavonoids comparing to the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and n -butanol ( n -BuOH) Frs [ 13 , 14 ]. The TLC experiment exhibited the major components of the aqueous Fr of M. verticillata to be oligosaccharides and flavonoids.…”