Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Increases the Adhesion of Lactobacillus reuteri to Host Mucin to Enhance Probiotic Effects

Abstract

The ability to adhere to the intestinal mucus layer is an important property of probiotic bacteria. Lactobacillus reuteri strains ZJ615 and ZJ617 show low and high adhesion, respectively, to intestinal epithelial cells. In this study, we quantified bacterial cell wall-associated glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases (cw-GAPDH) and bacterial cell membrane permeability in both strains using immunoblotting and flow cytometry, respectively. Highly adhesive L. reuteri ZJ617 possessed significantly more cw-GAPDH, higher cell membrane permeability, and significantly higher adhesive ability toward mucin compared with low-adhesive L. reuteri ZJ615. In vitro adhesion studies and analysis of interaction kinetics using the Octet, the system revealed significantly decreased interaction between L. reuteri and mucin when mucin was oxidized when bacterial surface proteins were removed when bacteria were heat-inactivated at 80 °C for 30 min, and when the interaction was blocked with an anti-GAPDH antibody. SWISS-MODEL analysis suggested intensive interactions between mucin glycans (GalNAcα1-O-Ser, GalNAcαSer, and Galβ3GalNAc) and GAPDH. Furthermore, in vivo studies revealed significantly higher numbers of bacteria adhering to the jejunum, ileum, and colon of piglets orally inoculated with L. reuteri ZJ617 compared with those inoculated with L. reuteri ZJ615; this led to a significantly decreased rate of diarrhea in piglets inoculated with L. reuteri ZJ617. In conclusion, there are strong correlations among the abundance of cw-GAPDH in L. reuteri, the ability of the bacterium to adhere to the host, and the health benefits of this probiotic.

Polygonatum kingianum Polysaccharides Enhance the Preventive Efficacy of Heat-Inactivated Limosilactobacillus reuteri WX-94 against High-Fat-High-Sucrose-Induced Liver Injury and Gut Dysbacteriosis

“…13,63−67 Although mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of heat-inactivated probiotics remain inconclusive, the consistently observed benefits of inactivated probiotics may be attributed to the microbial metabolites. 7,14,15,68 Here, we found that adding PKP in the culture medium successfully augmented protective effects of pasteurized L. reuteri against HFHS-induced liver injury, impaired hepatic lipid metabolism, and gut dysbacteriosis, which were superior to PKP per se and the cosupplementation of live L. reuteri and the heat-inactivated L. reuteri cultured by MRS. These benefits may be attributed to the PKP per se and its promoted metabolites of L. reuteri (e.g., propionic acid, indole derivatives, phenyllactic acid, succinic acid) exerting health-promoting effects, which could also prominently prevent gut dysbacteriosis and increase SCFA production.…”

Heritable vaginal bacteria influence immune tolerance and relate to early-life markers of allergic sensitization in infancy

“…These infants were also enriched for 16S rRNA dimethyltransferase, which confers aminoglycoside resistance, providing evidence for intergenerational transmission of antimicrobial resistance. Infants without detectable IgE at 12 months possessed microbiomes encoding glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, which increases Lactobacillus adhesion to host intestinal mucins, 43 and streptomycin biosynthesis, a microbially derived aminoglycoside active against aerobic pathogenic bacteria, 44 suggesting that heritable vaginal bacteria associated with atopy protection may colonize and shape microbial colonization in the developing gut microbiome. These infants also housed heritable bacteria capable of histamine and tryptophan degradation.…”

In vitro assessment of probiotic attributes for strains contained in commercial formulations

“…Among Lactobacillus species, adhesive properties are extremely strain-specific and depend on the presence of specific adhesion factors 6,7,23,[36][37][38][39] . The finding that L. rhamnosus ATCC 53103 was unable to bind mucins correlates with a previous study indicating that some L. rhamnosus strains isolated from different formulations were www.nature.com/scientificreports/ severely compromised in mucin-binding ability 40 .…”