Glycemic, insulinemic and methylglyoxal postprandial responses to starches alone or in whole diets in dogs versus cats: Relating the concept of glycemic index to metabolic responses and gene expression

Briens, Jennifer M.; Subramaniam, Marina; Kilgour, Alyssa; Loewen, Matthew E.; Desai, Kaushik; Adolphe, Jennifer L.; Zatti, Kyla M.; Drew, M. D.; Weber, Lynn P.

doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.110973

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Although the results found in the present study demonstrated that sweet potato and pea present a lower GI than corn and brown rice, the values found were higher (higher than 80) than those described in humans and dogs (below 70) for these ingredients (Briens et al, 2021; Ratnayake et al, 2002). It is possible that these discrepancies are due to healthy rodents having higher fasting glucose levels than humans (<199 mg/dl for rodents vs. <100 mg/dl for humans, Fajardo et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

“…In addition, the control of GI is facilitated by the stimulation of glucagon‐like hormones excretion in the final portions of the intestine due to the fermentation of RS (Mcnabney & Henagan, 2017; Sawicka & Gupta, 2018). Low glycemic responses were also observed in humans, rats, dogs ( Canis lupus familiaris ) and cats ( Felis catus ) fed diets with pea (Briens et al, 2021; Carciofi et al, 2008; De‐Oliveira et al, 2008; Ratnayake et al, 2002; Sawicka & Gupta, 2018), demonstrating that this pulse is one of the main dietary alternatives to avoid endocrine disorders for some species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is possible that these discrepancies are due to healthy rodents having higher fasting glucose levels than humans (<199 mg/dl for rodents vs. <100 mg/dl for humans, Fajardo et al, 2014). Different physiological characteristics due to nutritional habits, such as enzyme activity (amylase, disaccharidases, maltase), glucose transporters (SGLT1, SGLT2 e GLUT4) and GLP‐1 release may explain these differences in the glycemia among species (Briens et al, 2021; Fajardo et al, 2014; Hira et al, 2020). Besides, the methods to determine the GI were different among the studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of postprandial glycemic response in rats (Wistar) fed with different starch sources

Boaventura

Kuritza

Kaelle

et al. 2023

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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The consumption of readily digestible starch sources, such as corn, can negatively impact endocrine disorders related to hyperglycaemia in predisposing animals. In this sense, starch sources containing slowly digestible and resistant fractions can assist glycemic control. The present study analyzed the postprandial glycemic response and blood variables of rats fed with four extruded diets containing corn, brown rice, sweet potato and pea as the main starch source. Thirty-two male Wistar rats (90 days old) were divided into groups of eight animals each. The rats received one of the experimental diets for 30 days according to a completely randomised design. The glycemia was measured on the 29th and 30th days. The glycemia measured on the 29th day was analyzed at 0, 30, 60, 120 and 240 min after oral administration of 50% glucose solution. On the 30th day, the same protocol was repeated after providing 3 g of the experimental diet for each animal to obtain the glycemic curve.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evaluation of postprandial glycemic response in rats (Wistar) fed with different starch sources

Boaventura

Kuritza

Kaelle

et al. 2023

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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show abstract

“…The prevalence of this additional capacity for starch utilization has continued to expand with human interventional breeding [ 11 ]. When sources of dietary starch or whole foods containing starch are fed to dogs, their glycemic response largely parallels that of humans, and it is proposed that the glycemic index developed for humans is relevant to dogs [ 12 ]. The levels of carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes in dogs respond to carbohydrate consumption [ 13 ], though not immediately [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macronutrient Proportions and Fat Type Impact Ketogenicity and Shape the Circulating Lipidome in Dogs

Jackson

2022

Metabolites

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Many physiological processes including ketogenesis are similar in dogs and humans, but there is little information available on the effect of carbohydrate restriction in dogs. Here, the ketogenicity and serum metabolic profiles of dogs were assessed after they had consumed high carbohydrate (HiCHO); high protein, low carbohydrate (PROT_LoCHO); or high fat, low carbohydrate (FAT_LoCHO) foods. Thirty-six dogs were fed HiCHO for 4 weeks, then randomized to PROT_LoCHO or FAT_LoCHO for 5 weeks. Dogs then crossed over to the other food for an additional 5 weeks. Generally, reduction of dietary carbohydrate by replacement with either protein or fat increased the energy required to maintain body weight, and fat had a greater effect. Postabsorptive energy availability derived mainly from glucose and triglycerides with HiCHO, from gluconeogenic amino acids and fatty acids with PROT_LoCHO, and from fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate with FAT_LoCHO. This study demonstrated that the reduction of carbohydrate in canine foods is potentially beneficial to dogs based on improvements in metabolism and supports the use of low-carbohydrate foods as safe and effective for healthy adult dogs.

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“…All diets were selected for adult animal health maintenance and included similar macronutrients, with chicken as the major animal protein source. These commercial diets were compared to an experimental diet, formulated in laboratory for both dogs and cats during previous experiments ( Briens et al, 2021 ). Feed weights were calculated based on body condition score and body weight, with reference to labeled digestible energy per weight to produce isocaloric portions during testing.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing non-protein nitrogen sources in commercial dry dog foods

Geiger

Weber

2022

Translational Animal Science

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Protein is a macronutrient required by dogs for growth and maintenance metabolism. However, a portion of the crude protein listed on pet foods may actually arise from non-digestible organic nitrogen or potentially toxic inorganic non-protein nitrogen sources. Neither non-protein source is retained or used by the animal. However, these compounds may result in adverse effects such as methemoglobin formation and increased oxidative stress or potentially beneficial effects such as improved vascular distensibility and decreased inflammation. To analyze nitrogen retention and screen for non-protein nitrogen, four commercial, dry kibble dog foods and one laboratory-made diet were evaluated, then fed to beagles during two separate feeding trials. During the first trial, dogs were randomly assigned each diet (n=4 dogs/diet) and fed chromium oxide-coated diets for 48 hours, followed by total urine and marked fecal collection, as well as plasma collection for total nitrogen, nitrate, ammonia and urea determination. The amount of nitrogen retained (93-96%) did not differ among commercial diets. Protein total tract apparent digestibility (TTAD) ranged 69-84%, with the high protein diets having significantly higher than the laboratory-made and mid-ranged diets (1-way ANOVA: p<0.05). The high protein diet also contained the highest concentration of nitrate with subsequent elevations in plasma nitrotyrosine levels (indicator of oxidative stress). During the second trial, eight dogs (n=8) were fed the same diets for 6 days, after which echocardiography was completed with blood, urine and feces collected. For health end-points, methemoblobin, plasma nitrotyrosine and C-reactive protein (CRP; indicator of inflammation) levels were measured. Methemoglobin levels were significantly lower in the high protein diet (p>0.05), possible due to the stimulation of methemoglobin reductase while nitrotyrosine was unchanged and CRP was undetectable. Furthermore, there was a positive relationship between crude protein, crude fat (simple linear regression: p=0.02, r 2>0.6), price (p=0.08, r 2>0.6) and caloric density (p=0.11, r 2>0.6). There were no significant cardiovascular differences among any of the diets (p>0.05). Ultimately, this study shows that in commercial diets, price does reflect protein content but that feeding dogs high protein diets for a long period of time, may provide an excess in calories without a change in cardiovascular function or detectable increases in inflammation.

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Glycemic, insulinemic and methylglyoxal postprandial responses to starches alone or in whole diets in dogs versus cats: Relating the concept of glycemic index to metabolic responses and gene expression

Cited by 13 publications

References 52 publications

Evaluation of postprandial glycemic response in rats (Wistar) fed with different starch sources

Evaluation of postprandial glycemic response in rats (Wistar) fed with different starch sources

Macronutrient Proportions and Fat Type Impact Ketogenicity and Shape the Circulating Lipidome in Dogs

Assessing non-protein nitrogen sources in commercial dry dog foods

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