Glycemic Control in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Receiving Oral Antihyperglycemic Medication-Only or Insulin-Only Treatment: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Chen, Yun; Liu, Li; Gu, Li-Qun; Babineaux, S.M.; Colclough, H.; Curtis, Bradley

doi:10.1007/s13300-015-0114-2

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In the HypoAna study over 2 years, 92.1% of patients with T1D reported hypoglycaemia. And in the DSP China study, 33.3% of patients with T1D reported hypoglycaemia over 1 year. Patients with T1D and T2D in the PREDICTIVE study reported slightly lower proportions of hypoglycaemia over 4 weeks (21.8% and 3.1%, respectively).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Following assessment of 65 full text articles, 41 were excluded, leaving 24 studies, including HAT, that were eligible for inclusion in the analyses. Ten studies, DIALOG, GAPP2 UK, GAPP2 Canada, COMPASS, DSP China, PANORAMA, JADE, survey of insulin adherence, the single centre study in India, and the ICU study primarily reported hypoglycaemia prevalence in terms of the proportion of participants reporting hypoglycaemia, rather than rates in events per patient‐year (PPY); thus, these studies are reported separately.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Real‐world studies of patients with T2D included global studies (GAPP2, A1chieve and SOLVE), European studies (GAPP2 UK, a self‐reported non‐severe hypoglycaemic events study in Europe, a self‐reported non‐severe hypoglycaemic events study in Germany, the PREDICTIVE and DIALOG studies, the UK Hypoglycaemia study, a single‐centre survey in Germany, the UK self‐reporting study, the PANORAMA and ICU cohort studies), Asian/South East Asian studies (Physicians' Routine Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy of NovoMix 30 Therapy [PRESENT], COMPASS, Diabetes Disease Specific Programme [DSP] China, the JADE study, a single‐centre study in India, a basal insulin dose‐timing study in Japan) and one study from North America (GAPP2 Canada).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of the HAT study, the largest global hypoglycaemia study to date, with similar large real‐world studies

Pedersen‐Bjergaard

Alsifri

Aronson

et al. 2018

Diabetes Obesity Metabolism

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Aims Optimal diabetes care requires clear understanding of the incidence of hypoglycaemia in real‐world clinical practice. Current data on hypoglycaemia are generally limited to those reported from randomised controlled clinical trials. The Hypoglycaemia Assessment Tool (HAT) study, a non‐interventional real‐world study of hypoglycaemia, assessed hypoglycaemia in 27 585 individuals across 24 countries. The present study compared the incidence of hypoglycaemia from the HAT study with other similarly designed, large, real‐world studies. Materials and Methods A literature search of PubMed (1995‐2017) for population‐based studies of insulin‐treated patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes (T1D, T2D), excluding clinical trials and reviews, identified comparable population‐based studies reporting the incidence of hypoglycaemia. Results The 24 comparative studies, including more than 24 000 participants with T1D and more than 160 000 participants with T2D, varied in design, size, inclusion criteria, definitions of hypoglycaemia and method of recording hypoglycaemia. Reported rates (events per patient‐year [PPY]) of hypoglycaemia were higher in patients with T1D than in those with T2D (overall T1D, 21.8‐73.3 and T2D, 1.3‐37.7; mild/non‐severe T1D, 29.0‐126.7 and T2D, 1.3‐41.5; severe T1D, 0.7‐5.8 and T2D, 0.0‐2.5; nocturnal T1D, 2.6‐11.3 and T2D, 0.38‐9.7) and were similar to the ranges found in the HAT study. Conclusions The HAT data on hypoglycaemia incidence were comparable with those from other real‐world studies and indicate a high incidence of hypoglycaemia among insulin‐treated patients. Differences in rates among studies are mostly explained by differences in patient populations and study methodology. The goal of reducing hypoglycaemia should be a target for continued educational and evidence‐based pharmacological interventions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Comparison of the HAT study, the largest global hypoglycaemia study to date, with similar large real‐world studies

Pedersen‐Bjergaard

Alsifri

Aronson

et al. 2018

Diabetes Obesity Metabolism

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“…Currently there is genuine concern about the extent of poor glycemic control in a large portion of the Asian T2DM population; for instance, recent evidence has shown that approximately two-thirds of patients in China who are treated with oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) do not achieve the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) targets of ≤6.5 or ≤7% [3–5]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lixisenatide Improves Glycemic Control in Asian Type 2 Diabetic Patients Inadequately Controlled With Oral Antidiabetic Drugs: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis

Hua

Men

et al. 2016

Diabetes Ther

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IntroductionLixisenatide is a novel GLP-1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Its efficacy and safety have been assessed in a series of phase 3 studies included in the GetGoal program. In these studies, lixisenatide was found to be superior to placebo in glycemic control. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the safety and efficacy of lixisenatide as an adjunct therapy in Asian patients with T2DM in adequately controlled with oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs).MethodsWe performed a meta-analysis from five lixisenatide phase 3 studies. In each of these multiethnic studies, patients with T2DM inadequately controlled (glycated hemoglobin, HbA1c ≥7%) with established OADs were randomized to lixisenatide or placebo for 24 weeks, with a balanced distribution of Asian patients in these two arms (503 and 338 patients in the intent-to-treat population, respectively).ResultsLixisenatide was superior to placebo in reducing HbA1c (weighted, total mean difference −0.57%; P = 0.002). More patients treated with lixisenatide versus placebo achieved HbA1c targets of ≤7% (49.1% vs. 28.4%, P = 0.003). Lixisenatide was superior to placebo in lowering 2-h postprandial glucose (PPG) (weighted, total mean difference −5.50 mmol/l, P = 0.0005). More patients treated with lixisenatide versus placebo achieved 2-h PPG targets of ≤7.8 mmol/l (39.2% vs. 2.2%, P < 0.0001). More patients treated with lixisenatide versus placebo achieved both an HbA1c target of ≤7% and a 2-h PPG target of ≤10 mmol/l (34.8% vs. 2.69%, P < 0.00001). The body weight of the lixisenatide group tended to decrease. Lixisenatide was generally well tolerated.ConclusionLixisenatide as an adjunct therapy can significantly improve the glycemic control of Asian patients with type 2 DM who do not meet targets for glycemic control with an established OAD regimen.FundingSanofi (China) Investment Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13300-016-0207-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…In China, the impact of T2DM is particularly disconcerting: the Chinese T2DM population is nearing 100 million individuals—about a quarter of the global T2DM population—and is projected to reach 142.7 million by 2035 [3–5]. Moreover, recent data suggest that, in general, patients with T2DM in China have poor glycemic control; a large observational study conducted at 209 hospitals across China found that patients had a mean hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level of 9.6 ± 2.0 % before initiation of basal insulin [6], and it has been reported that only 35.9 % of Chinese T2DM patients who are treated exclusively with oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) achieve HbA1c levels of <7 % [7]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of three fasting plasma glucose targets for insulin glargine-based therapy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in China: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Yang

Zhao³

et al. 2016

Trials

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BackgroundA large proportion of patients with T2DM in China do not meet accepted HbA1c targets despite the availability of guidelines that describe a treatment pathway for achieving glycemic control. The aim of this study is to identify the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) target that will provide the highest control rate of HbA1c <7 % in Chinese patients with T2DM treated with an insulin glargine-based regimen as an adjunct to an established OAD regimen. This information will support improvements in diabetes care management in China.MethodsApproximately 934 men and women aged ≥18 to ≤65 years with poorly controlled T2DM will be enrolled and randomized to one of three FPG target groups; ≤5.6 mmol/L, ≤6.1 mmol/L, or ≤7.0 mmol/L. They will be initiated on daily insulin glargine (Lantus®) in addition to their usual OAD regimen for 24 weeks. Patients will self-monitor fasting blood glucose (SM-FBG), and the study physician will titrate the basal insulin dose according to the SM-FBG results. In addition, HbA1c and safety will be recorded. We plan to statistically derive the optimal FPG target for an HbA1c of <7 %.DiscussionIn China, treatment strategies that would achieve an optimum balance between glycemic control (as per HbA1c) and hypoglycemia are imperative to ensure improvements in the management of T2DM. Furthermore, elucidating the contribution of FPG to HbA1c in Chinese patients with T2DM and identifying a predictable relationship between FPG and HbA1c would be a valuable tool for patient self-management of diabetes.Trial registrationNCT02545842. Registered on 8 September 2015.

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Glycemic Control in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Receiving Oral Antihyperglycemic Medication-Only or Insulin-Only Treatment: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Cited by 16 publications

References 24 publications

Comparison of the HAT study, the largest global hypoglycaemia study to date, with similar large real‐world studies

Comparison of the HAT study, the largest global hypoglycaemia study to date, with similar large real‐world studies

Lixisenatide Improves Glycemic Control in Asian Type 2 Diabetic Patients Inadequately Controlled With Oral Antidiabetic Drugs: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis

Assessment of three fasting plasma glucose targets for insulin glargine-based therapy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in China: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

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