Glycemic Control and Serum and Urine Levels of 
 Zinc and Magnesium in Diabetics in Calabar, Nigeria

Nsonwu, Augusta Chinyere; Usoro, Chinyere Adanna Opara; Etukudo, Maisie Henrietta; Usoro, Isonguyo Nathaniel

doi:10.3923/pjn.2006.75.78

Cited by 23 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…It is currently believed that diabetic patients are under a state of trace elements disorder, such as insulin promoting discrepancy of distribution of multiple ions in the bloodstream [4]. More than 80% of the Cr in the human body is excreted in urine [24], and the amount of urinary Cr in T1D patients is considered to be more than twice that of the control group [17]. Some scientists attributed this to its increased loss plus decreased absorption [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…T1D patients exhibited a negative Cr balance [32], which was in consistency with the results of no significant change of serum Cr and overt increase of urinary Cr in our study. It is stated that the T1D metabolic control system required additional Cr whereas the absorbed element was not utilized and discharged in urine [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its mechanism may be increasing the concentration of the insulin receptor RNA messenger; complex formation with insulin enhancing its activity; and increasing islet β cell sensitivity by reducing concentration of TNF- α , resistin, and interleukin-6 [14]. Many clinical studies have confirmed the decrease of serum Cr in patients with T1D and T2D [15, 16] with a drastic increase of Cr in urine [17]. Plasma Cr is negatively correlated with glucose in patients with T2D [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Chromium and Iron Distribution in Serum and Urine among Healthy People and Prediabetes and Diabetes Patients

Zhou

Guo

Jia

et al. 2019

BioMed Research International

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The effect of chromium (Cr) and iron (Fe) on prevalence of diabetes has received great attention. This study investigated serum and urinary Cr and Fe levels among patients with impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), type 1 diabetes (T1D), and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the Northeast Chinese population. From January 2010 to October 2011, patients with IFG (n=12), IGT (n=15), T1D (n=25), T2D (n=137) and healthy controls (n=50) were enrolled in the First Hospital of Jilin University. Trace elements were detected using an inductively coupled plasma spectrometer. Serum Cr levels decreased in T2D without complications, diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), and diabetic nephropathy (DN) (P<0.05). The urinary Cr level in T1D was the highest of all, which significantly exceeded those of the T2D groups with and without complications. No significant differences of serum Fe levels were found among all groups. The urinary Fe level of T1D was significantly increased (P<0.05). The correlation between serum Cr and serum Fe in T2D was obviously positive (P<0.05). One month of simvastatin therapy exerted no effects on serum or urinary Cr and Fe levels. These results suggest the potential role of Cr and Fe in diabetes should receive attention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Comparison of Chromium and Iron Distribution in Serum and Urine among Healthy People and Prediabetes and Diabetes Patients

Zhou

Guo

Jia

et al. 2019

BioMed Research International

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Chromium, Selenium, and Zinc Multimineral Enriched Yeast Supplementation Ameliorates Diabetes Symptom in Streptozocin-Induced Mice

Liu

Bao

Jiang

et al. 2011

Biol Trace Elem Res

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Chromium, selenium, and zinc malnutrition has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic mellitus. This study aims to investigate the effects of novel multiminerals-enriched yeast (MMEY) which are minerals supplementation containing elevated levels of chromium, selenium, and zinc simultaneously in a diabetic animal model. Streptozocin-induced diabetic male Balb/c mice (n = 80) were randomly divided into diabetes control group and three treatment groups. They were administrated oral gavages with low, medium, or high doses of MMEY, respectively. Meanwhile, healthy male Balb/c mice (n = 40) of the same body weight were randomly assigned into normal control group and high dose of MMEY control group. After 8 weeks duration of treatment, the animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Serum glucose concentrations, lipid profiles, oxidative/antioxidant, and immunity status were determined. No significant adverse effects were observed in the high-dose MMEY control group. Treatment of the diabetic mice with medium- or high-dose MMEY significantly decreased serum glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and malondialdehyde and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glutathione, and the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. In addition, MMEY ameliorated the pathological damage of the pancreatic islets, elevated the thymus or spleen coefficient, and increased the expressions of interleukin-2 and -4 in spleen lymphocytes compared with unsupplemented diabetic mice. In conclusion, these results indicate that supplemental MMEY inhibits hyperglycemia, abates oxidative stress, modulates disorders of lipid metabolism, and reduces the impairment of immune function in diabetic mice; especially notable are the protective effects of medium doses of MMEY on the islet cells of diabetic mice.

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Blood Metals Concentration in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetics

Forte¹,

Bocca²,

Peruzzu

et al. 2013

Biol Trace Elem Res

103

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Mechanisms for the onset of diabetes and the development of diabetic complications remain under extensive investigations. One of these mechanisms is abnormal homeostasis of metals, as either deficiency or excess of metals, can contribute to certain diabetic outcomes. Therefore, this paper will report the blood levels of chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) in subjects with type 1 diabetes (n = 192, mean age 48.8 years, mean disease duration 20.6 years), type 2 diabetes (n = 68, mean age 68.4 years, mean disease duration 10.2 years), and in control subjects (n = 59, mean age 57.2 years), and discuss the results indicating their possible role in diabetes. The metal concentrations were measured by sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after microwave-induced acid digestion of blood samples. The accuracy was checked using a blood-based certified reference material, and recoveries of all elements were in the range of 92-101 % of certified values. Type 1 diabetes was found to be associated with Cr (p = 0.02), Mn (p < 0.001), Ni (p < 0.001), Pb (p = 0.02), and Zn (p < 0.001) deficiency, and type 2 diabetes with Cr (p = 0.014), Mn (p < 0.001), and Ni (p < 0.001) deficiency. These deficiencies were appreciated also subdividing the understudied patients for gender and age groups. Furthermore, in type 1 diabetes, there was a positive correlation between Pb and age (p < 0.001, ρ = 0.400) and Pb and BMI (p < 0.001, ρ = 0.309), while a negative correlation between Fe and age (p = 0.002, ρ = -0.218). In type 2 diabetes, there was a negative correlation between Fe and age (p = 0.017, ρ = -0.294) and Fe and BMI (p = 0.026, ρ = -0.301). Thus, these elements may play a role in both forms of diabetes and combined mineral supplementations could have beneficial effects.

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Glycemic Control and Serum and Urine Levels of Zinc and Magnesium in Diabetics in Calabar, Nigeria

Cited by 23 publications

References 11 publications

Comparison of Chromium and Iron Distribution in Serum and Urine among Healthy People and Prediabetes and Diabetes Patients

Comparison of Chromium and Iron Distribution in Serum and Urine among Healthy People and Prediabetes and Diabetes Patients

Chromium, Selenium, and Zinc Multimineral Enriched Yeast Supplementation Ameliorates Diabetes Symptom in Streptozocin-Induced Mice

Blood Metals Concentration in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetics

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