Glycemic control and diabetes complications among diabetes mellitus patients attending at University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

Abstract

BackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia due to either insulin deficiency or resistance or both. Hyperglycemia induces tissue damage through mitochondrial superoxide production, affecting retina, glomerulus, and neurons. It requires continuing medical care and ongoing self-care management to prevent and delay acute and long-term complications. Therefore, our study was designed to assess glycemic control and diabetes complications among diabetes patients attending at University of Gondar Hospital.Materials and methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among DM patients attending at University of Gondar Hospital diabetes follow-up clinic during February–March 2017. Five milliliters of blood was collected using aseptic technique. Levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS), triglycerides, and cholesterol were measured using MINDRAY BS-200E machine. FBS ≥152 mg/dL was taken as poor glycemic control. Binary and multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate associated risk factors for the outcome variable. A P-value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.ResultThree hundred sixty-seven diabetes patients were included in this study. About 222 (60.5%) of them had poor glycemic control (FBS ≥152 mg/dL). The proportion of poor glycemic control was slightly higher among type 1 DM patients (61.4%) than type 2 DM patients (59.8%). Age ≥65 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.070; 95% CI: 0.016–0.308), being divorced (AOR: 0.226; 95% CI: 0.064–0.8000), and increased waist circumference (AOR: 0.361: 95% CI: 0.181–0.720) were factors that significantly reduce poor glycemic control. Diabetes complications were slightly higher in insulin- and tablet-only users, 72.5% and 64.5%, respectively. DM complications were also higher in patients who had poor glycemic control (61/222) and type 2 diabetes (78 [37.3%]).ConclusionPrevalence of poor glycemic control and DM complications was high, which indicate that appropriate intervention is required to improve glycemic control and prevent or control complications among DM patients.

<p>Glycemic Control, Diabetes Complications and Their Determinants Among Ambulatory Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Southwest Ethiopia: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study</p>

“…This finding is considerably higher when compared to those from Minilik II hospital, Ethiopia 9 where 37.45% of diabetic patients had one or more chronic complications of diabetes. Moreover, the finding of the present study is higher than that from the University of Gondar Hospital, Ethiopia 16 in which chronic diabetes complications were found in 31.33% of diabetic patients. The variation in the sample size and level of care given to diabetes patients might have contributed to this discrepancy.…”

“…This result is comparable with the study done at Jimma University Teaching Hospital 7 where 70.9% of patients had poorly controlled diabetes. Our finding is higher than the Iranian study 15 in which 56.3% of diabetic patients had poorly controlled diabetes and the findings of University of Gondar Hospital, Ethiopia 16 where 60.5% of patients had poor glycemic control. This difference might be due to variations in the study settings, urbanization, the method of glucose measurement and study populations.…”

Peripheral Arterial Disease and Its Associated Factors among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Debre Tabor General Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

“…A pretested, intervieweradministered questionnaire was used to collect data. The questionnaire was adapted from previously published articles [11,13,16,17,25,[34][35][36], prepared in English and translated to Amharic, and retranslated to English by another person. To assess symptoms of PAD, intermittent claudication, we administered a validated Edinburgh Claudication Questionnaire (ECQ) [37].…”

Diabetics’ self-care practice and its determinants among Adult diabetic patients in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

“…It is the rapid mounting non-communicable disease all over the world (1). It is characterized by hyperglycemia that attributed to poor performance of anabolic hormone, insulin that compromises the body's ability to metabolize and uptake glucose to generate energy (2)(3)(4). The prevalence of diabetes has reached epidemic proportions; the World Health Organization (WHO) predicts that developing countries will bear the brunt of this epidemic by the 21st century (5).…”

“…Of the seven International Diabetes Federation (IDF) regions, the highest prevalence of DM was recorded in North America and the Caribbean (11.5%), while Africa, fortunately, has shared the lowest burden (3.8%). However, Africa is projected to share the largest burden by the year 2040 with 147% increment (3). Moreover, diabetes has affected the quality of life of the victims and led to poor health outcomes of individuals, families, and the broader communities.…”