Glycated albumin as biomarker: Evidence and its outcomes

Kohzuma, Takuji; Tao, Xinran; Koga, Masafumi

doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2021.108040

Cited by 34 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The limitation of the clinical design of the study is that we could not compare the GA and MGO values in a control group matched for obesity and the prevalence of diabetes. However, the interpretation of the data that we are supporting here is greatly supported by the large epidemiological studies on COVID-29 syndrome that found a highly significant association of obesity and diabetes with the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…An additional dysfunctional molecule of interest that could link the infection with severe syndrome is glycated albumin (GA). Albumin, when exposed to glucose or glycating substances, given its multiple glycation sites, shows a glycation speed that is approximately 4.5 times that of glycated hemoglobin [ 9 ]. For this reason, a glycated protein better represents poor glycemic control in the two-to-three weeks prior to testing and is unaffected by erythrocytes metabolism, which is accelerated in pregnancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glycation-Driven Inflammation: COVID-19 Severity in Pregnant Women and Perinatal Outcomes

Martino

Cappelletti²,

Tondo

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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The link between being pregnant and overweight or obese and the infectivity and virulence of the SARS CoV-2 virus is likely to be caused by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein glycosylation, which may work as a glycan shield. Methylglyoxal (MGO), an important advanced glycation end-product (AGE), and glycated albumin (GA) are the results of poor subclinical glucose metabolism and are indices of oxidative stress. Forty-one consecutive cases of SARS-CoV-2-positive pregnant patients comprising 25% pre-pregnancy overweight women and 25% obese women were recruited. The aim of our study was to compare the blood levels of MGO and GA in pregnant women with asymptomatic and symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection with pregnant women without SARS-CoV-2 infection with low risk and uneventful pregnancies and to evaluate the relative perinatal outcomes. The MGO and GA values of the SARS-CoV-2 cases were statistically significantly higher than those of the negative control subjects. In addition, the SARS-CoV-2-positive pregnant patients who suffered of moderate to severe COVID-19 syndrome had higher values of GA than those infected and presenting with mild symptoms or those with asymptomatic infection. Premature delivery and infants of a small size for their gestational age were overrepresented in this cohort, even in mild-asymptomatic patients for whom delivery was not indicated by the COVID-19 syndrome. Moreover, ethnic minorities were overrepresented among the severe cases. The AGE–RAGE oxidative stress axis on the placenta and multiple organs caused by MGO and GA levels, associated with the biological mechanisms of the glycation of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, could help to explain the infectivity and virulence of this virus in pregnant patients affected by being overweight or obese or having gestational diabetes, and the increased risk of premature delivery and/or low newborn weight.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycation-Driven Inflammation: COVID-19 Severity in Pregnant Women and Perinatal Outcomes

Martino

Cappelletti²,

Tondo

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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“…These findings may suggest that the control of DM for elective surgery should be monitored not only during the preoperative period but also during the postoperative period. The values for monitoring blood glycemic control should include parameters other than HbA1c, which indicates the quality of long-term blood glucose control; these other indicators include AC glucose or glycated albumin [ 25 ], which may indicate the quality of short-term blood glucose control. For the patients who need emergent surgery for fracture fixation, no relevant guidelines for DM control exist in the prevention of postoperative SSI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between the Control of Blood Glucose Level and HbA1C and the Incidence of Surgical Site Infection after Emergent Surgery for the Lower Limb Fracture among Type II DM Patients Aged More Than 50 Years Old

Wang

Hsieh

et al. 2022

JCM

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This is the first study focusing on perioperative blood glycemic monitoring for the incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) among patients with type II DM (T2DM) during the 1-year follow-up after emergent orthopedic surgery. We retrospectively collected the data of 604 patients who had received surgery for unilateral lower limb traumatic fracture from January 2011 to January 2021, including 215 men and 389 women with a mean age of 71.21 and a mean BMI of 25.26. In total, 84 (13.9%) of them developed SSI during the 1-year follow-up. Higher preoperative and postoperative -3-month hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and AC blood glucose and the presence of rheumatoid arthritis were all associated with increased rates of SSI. The thresholds for predicting SSI were the following: (1) preoperative HbA1c > 7.850% (area under curve [AUC] = 0.793); (2) postoperative HbA1c > 6.650% (AUC = 0.648); (3) preoperative AC blood glucose > 130.50 mg/dL (AUC = 0.773); and (4) postoperative AC blood glucose > 148.5 mg/dL (AUC = 0.709) by receiver-operating characteristic curve method. These findings may provide a useful control guideline for patients with T2DM older than 50 years old and who received surgery for a lower limb fracture in the prevention of postoperative SSI.

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“…HbA1c is the Amadori rearrangement of the adduct of glucose with the N-terminal valine of the

-chain of hemoglobin [ 29 , 45 , 46 ], which is the most reactive site [ 47 , 48 ]. Its rate of formation is proportional to the ambient glucose concentration, and it reflects the mean glycemia over the past two to four months, correlating directly with the lifespan of erythrocytes [ 29 , 49 , 50 , 51 ].…”

Section: Glycemic Control Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another critical aspect is related to the choice of the analytical technique used to obtain the GA measurement. Kohzuma et al [ 45 ] meticulously summarized the main clinical studies and their relative findings related to GA reference range and cutoff values for diabetes diagnosis and screening, whereas Roohk et al [ 82 ] reported the reference values employed in six US clinical laboratories, showing the discrepancies related to the different GA testing methods used.…”

Section: Glycemic Control Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Challenges in Diabetes Management: Towards Glycated Albumin Point-of-Care Detection

et al. 2022

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Diabetes mellitus is a worldwide-spread chronic metabolic disease that occurs when the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin levels or when the body fails to effectively use the secreted pancreatic insulin, eventually resulting in hyperglycemia. Systematic glycemic control is the only procedure at our disposal to prevent diabetes long-term complications such as cardiovascular disorders, kidney diseases, nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Glycated albumin (GA) has recently gained more and more attention as a control biomarker thanks to its shorter lifespan and wider reliability compared to glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), currently the “gold standard” for diabetes screening and monitoring in clinics. Various techniques such as ion exchange, liquid or affinity-based chromatography and immunoassay can be employed to accurately measure GA levels in serum samples; nevertheless, due to the cost of the lab equipment and complexity of the procedures, these methods are not commonly available at clinical sites and are not suitable to home monitoring. The present review describes the most up-to-date advances in the field of glycemic control biomarkers, exploring in particular the GA with a special focus on the recent experimental analysis techniques, using enzymatic and affinity methods. Finally, analysis steps and fundamental reading technologies are integrated into a processing pipeline, paving the way for future point-of-care testing (POCT). In this view, we highlight how this setup might be employed outside a laboratory environment to reduce the time from measurement to clinical decision, and to provide diabetic patients with a brand-new set of tools for glycemic self-monitoring.

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Glycated albumin as biomarker: Evidence and its outcomes

Cited by 34 publications

References 66 publications

Glycation-Driven Inflammation: COVID-19 Severity in Pregnant Women and Perinatal Outcomes

Glycation-Driven Inflammation: COVID-19 Severity in Pregnant Women and Perinatal Outcomes

Correlation between the Control of Blood Glucose Level and HbA1C and the Incidence of Surgical Site Infection after Emergent Surgery for the Lower Limb Fracture among Type II DM Patients Aged More Than 50 Years Old

Analytical Challenges in Diabetes Management: Towards Glycated Albumin Point-of-Care Detection

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