Glycans in Immunologic Health and Disease

Zhou, Julie Y.; Cobb, Brian A.

doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-101819-074237

Cited by 33 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 191 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…With regard to the role of SARS-CoV-2 glycosylation in viral replication, infectivity and immune response, glycosylation has major potential implications for therapeutic and vaccination strategies as well as serological testing [23]. Historically, the role of glycosylation in the dichotomous immune system has always been the focus of research [24][25][26][27][28][29]. The innate and adaptive immune response [30] in which glycosylation both plays a protective role and contributes to immune evasion by masking viral polypeptide epitopes and contributing to the cytokine cascade via non-fucosylated IgG, interact with a pronounced glycan epitope on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 and Other Respiratory Viruses Oftenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of glycosylation for SARS-CoV-2 virus, antibodies and COVID-19

Tsamaloukas¹

2022

JCMR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary In addition to the known endemic respiratory viruses, the pandemic SARS-CoV-2 has been added, with terrible effects on the population worldwide. This virus, like many others, has a glycoprotein structure the so-called spike protein, which interacts with the ACE-2 receptor as a cellular entry gate and thus initiates the infection. Just as this glycosylation causes infectiousness, the effect of the protective antibodies is also determined by their degree of glycosylation. In particular, the so-called Fc part of the immunoglobulins plays an important role. The type of bound sugar such as fucose, mannose, sialic acid, etc. determines, among other things, which reactions are triggered by binding to immune cells such as NK cells to their existing Fc receptors. These include antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody-dependent cellular trogocytosis (ADCT) and antibody-dependent cellular complement deposition (ADCD). In addition to protective phagocytosis, these reactions can trigger the antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of the infection and also the dreaded cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients. The functional diversification of IgGs by Fc glycosylation can be determined and tracked both after vaccination and during the disease.

show abstract

Section: Sars-cov-2 and Other Respiratory Viruses Oftenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of glycosylation for SARS-CoV-2 virus, antibodies and COVID-19

Tsamaloukas¹

2022

JCMR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Glycosylation—the process by which carbohydrate-based compounds known as glycans are covalently attached to acceptor molecules, typically proteins and lipids—is fundamental to all life 1 , 2 . Following conjugation to biomolecules, glycans add an additional layer of information and play important roles in numerous biological processes 3 including cell adhesion and signaling 4 , 5 , cell growth and development 6 , and immune recognition/response 7 , 8 , among others. Moreover, structural remodeling of protein-linked glycans can improve therapeutic properties in a number of ways such as extending activity and stability both in vitro and in vivo 9 , 10 , modulating interactions with specific immune receptors 11 , and targeting specific cells or tissues 12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A universal glycoenzyme biosynthesis pipeline that enables efficient cell-free remodeling of glycans

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The ability to reconstitute natural glycosylation pathways or prototype entirely new ones from scratch is hampered by the limited availability of functional glycoenzymes, many of which are membrane proteins that fail to express in heterologous hosts. Here, we describe a strategy for topologically converting membrane-bound glycosyltransferases (GTs) into water soluble biocatalysts, which are expressed at high levels in the cytoplasm of living cells with retention of biological activity. We demonstrate the universality of the approach through facile production of 98 difficult-to-express GTs, predominantly of human origin, across several commonly used expression platforms. Using a subset of these water-soluble enzymes, we perform structural remodeling of both free and protein-linked glycans including those found on the monoclonal antibody therapeutic trastuzumab. Overall, our strategy for rationally redesigning GTs provides an effective and versatile biosynthetic route to large quantities of diverse, enzymatically active GTs, which should find use in structure-function studies as well as in biochemical and biomedical applications involving complex glycomolecules.

show abstract

“…Cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) thus represents a heterogeneous mixture of endocervical and vaginal secretions, as well as epithelial cells, leukocytes and antibodies, all of which are highly decorated by complex glycan structures. In other mucosal niches, glycan mediation of immune response is well characterised and includes crosstalk between glycans and immune receptors that regulate leukocyte migration, antigen presentation, immune activation and antibody responses 1 , 32 – 34 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

N-glycosylation of cervicovaginal fluid reflects microbial community, immune activity, and pregnancy status

Grassi

MacIntyre

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) is a complex, functionally important and glycan rich biological fluid, fundamental in mediating physiological events associated with reproductive health. Using a comprehensive glycomic strategy we reveal an extremely rich and complex N-glycome in CVF of pregnant and non-pregnant women, abundant in paucimannose and high mannose glycans, complex glycans with 2–4 N-Acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) antennae, and Poly-LacNAc glycans decorated with fucosylation and sialylation. N-glycosylation profiles were observed to differ in relation to pregnancy status, microbial composition, immune activation, and pregnancy outcome. Compared to CVF from women experiencing term birth, CVF from women who subsequently experienced preterm birth showed lower sialylation, which correlated to the presence of a diverse microbiome, and higher fucosylation, which correlated positively to pro-inflammatory cytokine concentration. This study is the first step towards better understanding the role of cervicovaginal glycans in reproductive health, their contribution to the mechanism of microbial driven preterm birth, and their potential for preventative therapy.

show abstract

Glycans in Immunologic Health and Disease

Cited by 33 publications

References 191 publications

Importance of glycosylation for SARS-CoV-2 virus, antibodies and COVID-19

Importance of glycosylation for SARS-CoV-2 virus, antibodies and COVID-19

A universal glycoenzyme biosynthesis pipeline that enables efficient cell-free remodeling of glycans

N-glycosylation of cervicovaginal fluid reflects microbial community, immune activity, and pregnancy status

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About