GlutathioneS-Transferase-Mediated Mutagenicity of Trihalomethanes inSalmonella typhimurium:Contrasting Results with Bromodichloromethane and Chloroform

Pegram, Rex A.; Andersen, Melvin E.; Warren, Sarah H.; Ross, Tracy; Claxton, Larry D.

doi:10.1006/taap.1997.8123

Cited by 127 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…A separate model was built in each country (region in the case of Spain) for total trihalomethanes, chloroform, and total brominated trihalomethanes following similar methods as discussed in study-specific published papers. [8][9][10]17,18 Linear regression and generalized additive models were fitted using geographical and temporal variables (month, year). Among models retaining significant variables (p value<0.05), criteria to select the final model included the adjusted R-squared and the Akaike Information Criteria.…”

Section: Exposure Assessment For Water Contaminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,3,6,[8][9][10][11] Exposure to trihalomethanes and other volatile disinfection by-products occurs predominantly through inhalation and absorption, during activities such as showering, bathing, and swimming. 12,13 For non-volatile disinfection by-products, such as haloacetic acids, ingestion is the main route of exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15,16 Analyses of the association of trihalomethanes with birth outcomes for country-specific populations included in HiWate (Health Impacts of Long-Term Exposure to Disinfection By-Products in Drinking Water) have been published previously. 8,9,10,17,18 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drinking Water Disinfection By-products, Genetic Polymorphisms, and Birth Outcomes in a European Mother–Child Cohort Study

et al. 2016

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Section: Exposure Assessment For Water Contaminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drinking Water Disinfection By-products, Genetic Polymorphisms, and Birth Outcomes in a European Mother–Child Cohort Study

et al. 2016

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“…Five brominated and iodinated methane and ethane derivatives are given a moderate rating. Beyond the fact that bromine and iodine are better leaving groups than chlorine, there is also evidence that brominated THMs may be preferentially activated by a theta-class glutathione S-transferase (GSTT1-1) to mutagens in Salmonella even at low substrate concentrations (57,58). Furthermore, there are human carcinogenicity implications because of polymorphism in GSTT1-1.…”

Section: Haloalkanes and Haloalkenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of mechanism-based structure-activity relationships analysis in carcinogenic potential ranking for drinking water disinfection by-products.

Woo

Lai

McLain

et al. 2002

Environ Health Perspect

222

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Disinfection by-products (DBPs) are formed when disinfectants such as chlorine, chloramine, and ozone react with organic and inorganic matter in water. The observations that some DBPs such as trihalomethanes (THMs), di-/trichloroacetic acids, and 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX) are carcinogenic in animal studies have raised public concern over the possible adverse health effects of DBPs. To date, several hundred DBPs have been identified. To prioritize research efforts, an in-depth, mechanism-based structure-activity relationship analysis, supplemented by extensive literature search for genotoxicity and other data, was conducted for ranking the carcinogenic potential of DBPs that met the following criteria: a) detected in actual drinking water samples, b) have insufficient cancer bioassay data for risk assessment, and c) have structural features/alerts or short-term predictive assays indicative of carcinogenic potential. A semiquantitative concern rating scale of low, marginal, low-moderate, moderate, high-moderate, and high was used along with delineation of scientific rationale. Of the 209 DBPs analyzed, 20 were of priority concern with a moderate or high-moderate rating. Of these, four were structural analogs of MX and five were haloalkanes that presumably will be controlled by existing and future THM regulations. The other eleven DBPs, which included halonitriles (6), haloketones (2), haloaldehyde (1), halonitroalkane (1), and dialdehyde (1), are suitable priority candidates for future carcinogenicity testing and/or mechanistic studies.

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“…Possible biomarkers of susceptibility include DBP-metabolizing enzymes that are polymorphically expressed in people. For example, glutathione S-transferase theta, can catalyze the activation of brominated THMs to mutagenic intermediates (44,45).…”

Section: Biomarkers Of Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing exposure in epidemiologic studies to disinfection by-products in drinking water: report from an international workshop.

Arbuckle

Hrudey

Krasner

et al. 2002

Environ Health Perspect

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The inability to accurately assess exposure has been one of the major shortcomings of epidemiologic studies of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water. A number of contributing factors include a) limited information on the identity, occurrence, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics of the many DBPs that can be formed from chlorine, chloramine, ozone, and chlorine dioxide disinfection; b) the complex chemical interrelationships between DBPs and other parameters within a municipal water distribution system; and c) difficulties obtaining accurate and reliable information on personal activity and water consumption patterns. In May 2000, an international workshop was held to bring together various disciplines to develop better approaches for measuring DBP exposure for epidemiologic studies. The workshop reached consensus about the clear need to involve relevant disciplines (e.g., chemists, engineers, toxicologists, biostatisticians and epidemiologists) as partners in developing epidemiologic studies of DBPs in drinking water. The workshop concluded that greater collaboration of epidemiologists with water utilities and regulators should be encouraged in order to make regulatory monitoring data more useful for epidemiologic studies. Similarly, exposure classification categories in epidemiologic studies should be chosen to make results useful for regulatory or policy decision making.

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GlutathioneS-Transferase-Mediated Mutagenicity of Trihalomethanes inSalmonella typhimurium:Contrasting Results with Bromodichloromethane and Chloroform

Cited by 127 publications

References 31 publications

Drinking Water Disinfection By-products, Genetic Polymorphisms, and Birth Outcomes in a European Mother–Child Cohort Study

Drinking Water Disinfection By-products, Genetic Polymorphisms, and Birth Outcomes in a European Mother–Child Cohort Study

Use of mechanism-based structure-activity relationships analysis in carcinogenic potential ranking for drinking water disinfection by-products.

Assessing exposure in epidemiologic studies to disinfection by-products in drinking water: report from an international workshop.

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