Glutathione transferase GSTT1, broccoli, and prevalence of colorectal adenomas

Lin, Henry J.; Zhou, Haiyan; Dai, Aihua; Huang, Hsiao-Fen; Lin, Jesse; Frankl, Harold D.; Lee, Eric R.; Haile, Robert W.

doi:10.1097/00008571-200203000-00011

Cited by 112 publications

(155 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…A similar protective effect of broccoli against colorectal adenomas has been reported for subjects who are null for GSTM1 [7]. If these relationships are confirmed it may mean that dietary advice needs to be targeted on individuals with a particular genetic profile.…”

supporting

confidence: 55%

Gut health, genetics and personalised nutrition

Johnson

2007

Genes Nutr

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supporting

confidence: 55%

Gut health, genetics and personalised nutrition

Johnson

2007

Genes Nutr

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“…Also, epidemiologic observations suggest that consumption of certain cruciferous vegetables reduces the risk of colon cancer in individuals with GSTM1 null type. 40 Our results on GST and QR activities in liver and colon could explain the decrease in ACF formation and the colon cancer development in rats given silymarin during the initiation phase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Silymarin, a naturally occurring polyphenolic antioxidant flavonoid, inhibits azoxymethane‐induced colon carcinogenesis in male F344 rats

Kohno

Tanaka

Kawabata

et al. 2002

Intl Journal of Cancer

133

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The modifying effect of dietary administration of the polyphenolic antioxidant flavonoid silymarin, isolated from milk thistle [Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertneri], on AOM-induced colon carcinogenesis was investigated in male F344 rats. In the short-term study, the effects of silymarin on the development of AOM-induced colonic ACF, being putative precursor lesions for colonic adenocarcinoma, were assayed to predict the modifying effects of dietary silymarin on colon tumorigenesis. Also, the activity of detoxifying enzymes (GST and QR) in liver and colonic mucosa was determined in rats gavaged with silymarin. Subsequently, the possible inhibitory effects of dietary feeding of silymarin on AOM-induced colon carcinogenesis were evaluated using a long-term animal experiment. In the short-term study, dietary administration of silymarin (100, 500 and 1,000 ppm in diet), either during or after carcinogen exposure, for 4 weeks caused significant reduction in the frequency of colonic ACF in a dose-dependent manner. Silymarin given by gavage elevated the activity of detoxifying enzymes in both organs. In the long-term experiment, dietary feeding of silymarin (100 and 500 ppm) during the initiation or postinitiation phase of AOM-induced colon carcinogenesis reduced the incidence and multiplicity of colonic adenocarcinoma. The inhibition by feeding with 500 ppm silymarin was significant (p < 0.05 by initiation feeding and p < 0.01 by postinitiation feeding). Also, silymarin administration in the diet lowered the PCNA labeling index and increased the number of apoptotic cells in adenocarcinoma. ␤-Glucuronidase activity, PGE 2 level and polyamine content were decreased in colonic mucosa. These results clearly indicate a chemopreventive ability of dietary silymarin against chemically induced colon tumorigenesis and will provide a scientific basis for progression to clinical trials of the chemoprevention of human colon cancer. Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignant neoplasm in the world. 1 In Japan, its incidence has been increasing, and it is now the third leading cause of cancer death. In this context, primary prevention, including chemoprevention, is important.Silymarin, the collective name for an extract from milk thistle [Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertneri], 2 is a naturally occurring polyphenolic flavonoid antioxidant. 3 It is composed mainly (-80%, w/w) of silybin (also called silybinin, silibin or silibinin), with smaller amounts of other stereoisomers, such as isosilybin, dihydrosilybin, silydianin and silychristin. 4 Silymarin protects experimental animals against the hepatotoxin ␣-amanitin 2 and has a strong antioxidant property. 5 Other biologic properties of silymarin and its components have been reported, including inhibition of LOX 6 and PG synthetase. 7 For over 20 years, silymarin has been used clinically in Europe for the treatment of alcoholic liver disease and as an antihepatotoxic agent. 8 As a therapeutic agent, it is well tolerated and largely free of adverse effects. 5 It might be a potent antica...

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“…As with lung cancer, the relationship between cruciferous vegetable consumption and colorectal cancer risk may be complicated by genetic polymorphisms. The results of several recent epidemiological studies suggest that the protective effects of cruciferous vegetable consumption may be influenced by inherited differences in the capacity of individuals to metabolize and eliminate glucosinolate hydrolysis products [28][29][30][31] (see Genetic Polymorphisms, next).…”

Section: Colorectal Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Cruciferous vegetables and human cancer risk: epidemiologic evidence and mechanistic basis

Higdon

Delage

Williams

et al. 2007

Pharmacological Research

908

697

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Cruciferous vegetables are a rich source of glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products, including indoles and isothiocyanates, and high intake of cruciferous vegetables has been associated with lower risk of lung and colorectal cancer in some epidemiological studies. Glucosinolate hydrolysis products alter the metabolism or activity of sex hormones in ways that could inhibit the development of hormone-sensitive cancers, but evidence of an inverse association between cruciferous vegetable intake and breast or prostate cancer in humans is limited and inconsistent. Organizations such as the National Cancer Institute recommend the consumption of 5-9 servings of fruits and vegetables daily, but separate recommendations for cruciferous vegetables have not been established. Isothiocyanates and indoles derived from the hydrolysis of glucosinolates, such as sulforaphane and indole-3-carbinol (I3C), have been implicated in a variety of anticarcinogenic mechanisms, but deleterious effects also have been reported in some experimental protocols, including tumor promotion over prolonged periods of exposure. Epidemiological studies indicate that human exposure to isothiocyanates and indoles through cruciferous vegetable consumption may decrease cancer risk, but the protective effects may be influenced by individual genetic variation (polymorphisms) in the metabolism and elimination of isothiocyanates from the body. Cooking procedures also affect the bioavailability and intake of glucosinolates and their derivatives. Supplementation with I3C or the related dimer 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM) alters urinary estrogen metabolite profiles in women, but the effects of I3C and DIM on breast cancer risk are not known. Small preliminary trials in humans suggest that I3C supplementation may be beneficial in treating conditions related to human papilloma virus infection, such as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, but larger randomized controlled trials are needed.

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Glutathione transferase GSTT1, broccoli, and prevalence of colorectal adenomas

Cited by 112 publications

References 43 publications

Gut health, genetics and personalised nutrition

Gut health, genetics and personalised nutrition

Silymarin, a naturally occurring polyphenolic antioxidant flavonoid, inhibits azoxymethane‐induced colon carcinogenesis in male F344 rats

Cruciferous vegetables and human cancer risk: epidemiologic evidence and mechanistic basis

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