Glutathione redox imbalance in brain disorders

Gu, Feng; Chauhan, Ved; Chauhan, Abha

doi:10.1097/mco.0000000000000134

Cited by 203 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…First, the redox state of cells is established by NADP+/ NADPH and reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in addition to NAD+/NADH and all 3 redox pairs are related. 20,41,42 For instance, NAD+ is the substrate for the synthesis of NADP+ and NADP+ can be hydrolyzed to NAD+. 43 Thus, alterations of the redox state of one of these redox pairs will also impact the others.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox Dysregulation in Schizophrenia Revealed by in vivo NAD+/NADH Measurement

Kim

Cohen

Chen

et al. 2016

Schizophrenia Bulletin

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Balance between the redox pair of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides (oxidized NAD+ and reduced NADH), reflects the oxidative state of cells and the ability of biological systems to carry out energy production. A growing body of evidence suggests that an "immuno-oxidative" pathway including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and cell-mediated immune response may contribute to disruptions in brain activity in schizophrenia (SZ). The aim of this study is to assess possible redox imbalance in SZ patients by using a novel in vivo 31 P MRS technique. The participants included 40 healthy controls, 21 chronic SZ, 13 first-episode (FE) SZ, and 18 FE bipolar disorder (BD) patients (as a psychiatric control group). All participants initially underwent structural imaging at a 3 Tesla (3 T) and 31 P MRS measurements were performed on a 4 T MR scanner. NAD+ and NADH components were determined by nonlinear least-square fitting of the model simulated spectra; these incorporated prior chemical shift and coupling constant information to in vivo resonances obtained from 31 P MRS experiments. We found a significant reduction in the NAD+/NADH ratio in chronically ill SZ patients compared to a matched healthy control group, and in FE SZ patients compared to both a matched FE BD patient group and a matched healthy control group. These findings provide evidence for redox imbalance in the brain in all phases of SZ, potentially reflecting oxidative stress.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox Dysregulation in Schizophrenia Revealed by in vivo NAD+/NADH Measurement

Kim

Cohen

Chen

et al. 2016

Schizophrenia Bulletin

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Subsequent procedures were performed according to the manufacturer's instruction. For oxidized glutathione (GSSG), 4-vinylpyridine was used to block the reaction of reduced GSH with 5,5'-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 8 acid. Concentration of reduced GSH was calculated from total GSH-GSSG.…”

Section: Glutathione Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A thiol tripeptide called glutathione (GSH) is well recognized as a key antioxidant, which prevents the oxidative damage of dopaminergic neurons [4]. Since the level of reduced GSH in the SN of PD patients is depleted, replenishment of GSH is considered a possible therapeutic option for PD [5][6][7][8]. However, oral supplementation with glutathione will not be beneficial due to its instability in the gut and intravenous infusions [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical and clinical effects of Whey protein supplementation in Parkinson's disease: A pilot study

Tosukhowong

Boonla

Dissayabutra

et al. 2016

Journal of the Neurological Sciences

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“…Notably, oxidative stress has been proposed as a mechanism underlying disruptions in animal models of immune activation, as well as schizophrenia and autism (Do et al, 2000;Boksa, 2010;Gu et al, 2015). Maternal immune activation (MIA) induces oxidative stress in fetal brain and the depletion of glutathione, which protects cells from oxygen-free radicals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%