Glutathione Peroxidase Activity, Plasma Total Antioxidant Capacity, and Urinary F2‐ Isoprostanes as Markers of Oxidative Stress in Anemic Dogs

Abstract

BackgroundOxidative stress plays a role in the pathophysiology of several diseases and has been documented as a contributor to disease in both the human and veterinary literature. One at‐risk cell is the erythrocyte, however, the role of oxidative stress in anemia in dogs has not been widely investigated.Hypothesis/ObjectiveAnemic dogs will have an alteration in the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), a decrease in of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and an increased concentration of urinary 15‐F2‐isoprostanes (F2‐IsoP) when compared to healthy dogs.Animals40 client‐owned dogs with anemia (PCV <30%) age‐matched to 40 client‐owned healthy control dogs.MethodsProspective, cross‐sectional study. Whole blood GPx activity, plasma TAC, and urinary F2‐isoprostane concentrations were evaluated in each dog and compared between groups.ResultsAnemic dogs had significantly lower GPx activity (43.1 × 103 +/‐ 1.6 × 103 U/L) than did dogs in the control group (75.8 × 103 +/‐ 2.0 × 103 U/L; P < 0.0001). The GPx activity in dogs with hemolysis (103 +/‐ 0.8 × 103 U/L) was not significantly different (P = 0.57) than in dogs with nonhemolytic anemia (43.5 × 103 +/‐ 1.1 × 103 U/L). The TAC concentrations (P = 0.15) and urinary F2‐isoprostanes (P = 0.73) did not significantly differ between groups.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceGlutathione peroxidase activity was significantly decreased in anemic dogs indicating oxidative stress. Additional studies are warranted to determine if antioxidant supplementation would improve survival and overall outcome as part of a therapeutic regimen for anemic dogs.

Effects of gadolinium‐based MRI contrast agents on liver tissue

“…Several tests are available for the measurement of oxidative stress processes in plasma or serum and to assess changes in antioxidant status. These include measurement of total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and the oxidative stress index (OSI) . TAS and TOS are generally used for more accurate evaluation of in vivo oxidative stress .…”

“…These include measurement of total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and the oxidative stress index (OSI) . TAS and TOS are generally used for more accurate evaluation of in vivo oxidative stress . Biochemical parameters such as TAS, TOS, and OSI therefore exhibit perfect sensitivity in the analysis of oxidative stress .…”

“…13,14 TAS and TOS are generally used for more accurate evaluation of in vivo oxidative stress. 14,15 Biochemical parameters such as TAS, TOS, and OSI therefore exhibit perfect sensitivity in the analysis of oxidative stress. 16,17 The OSI and the ratio of TOS to TAS are parameters evaluating the balance between antioxidants and oxidants.…”

Glutathione peroxidase of blood of dogs and cats with mammary tumors

“…Необхідно також враховувати, що на активність GPx у крові тварин впливають різні фактори. Так, у крові анемічних собак активність ензиму значно ниж-ча, ніж у здорових тваринами (Kendall et al, 2017). Також показана залежність цього показника від форми анемії у собак (Gultekin and Voyvoda, 2017), але не виявлено статистично вірогідних відмінностей в активності GPx у собак з серцевою недостатністю (Verk et al, 2017).…”

Antioxidant supplementation during illness in dogs: effect on oxidative stress and outcome, an exploratory study

“…For example, glutathione (GSH) depletion correlates with illness severity and outcome (Viviano et al 2009). Additional veterinary studies have recognised an association between oxidative stress and several canine disease states, including liver disease, congestive heart failure, intervertebral disk disease, anaemia and parvoviral enteritis , Freeman et al 2005, McMichael et al 2006, Kendall et al 2017, Gaykwad et al 2018. Given the data in people, it is tempting to speculate that AS may ameliorate oxidative stress in dogs.…”