Glutathione Depletion Increases Tyrosinase Activity in Human Melanoma Cells

Marmol, Véronique Del; Solano, Francisco; Sels, André; Huez, Georges; Libert, Anita; Lejeune, Ferdinand; Ghanem, Ghanem Elias

doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12371709

Cited by 57 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Tyrosinase is the key enzyme in the first stage of the melanogenesis pathway, catalyzing the conversion of L-tyrosine into L-dopaquinone (Marmol et al, 1993).Tyrosinase is also one of the key enzymes responsible for controlling the insect molting process (Nevil, 1975), and could therefore be used as an insecticide for the control of pests and insects. Tyrosinase inhibitors have become increasingly important as cosmetic and medicinal products, primarily to control melanin pigmentation (Khanom et al, 2000).…”

Section: Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Effect, Antioxidant and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity of the Extract from Different Parts of Phytolacca americana L.

Boo¹,

Park²,

Woo³

et al. 2015

Korean J. Crop Sci.

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This study was conducted to clarify the antimicrobial effect, antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of the biological composition having the Phytolacca americana, and to enhance the natural materials utilization of foods and cosmetics. The antimicrobial activities of the different parts of P. americana were evaluated using the agar diffusion test. The antimicrobial activity of P. americana was relatively high in Malassezia furfur known as a skin fungi and Vibrio parahaemolyticus compared to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis. However, the antimicrobial activity in Vibrio parahaemolyticus did not show at all parts of P. americana. Both the DPPH radical scavenging activity and ABTS radical scavenging activity have been increased with the higher concentration of methanol extract. In particular, leaf extract of P. americana exhibited the highest activity both ABTS radical scavenging activity and DPPH radical scavenging activity. The nitrite scavenging activity was decreased when the pH was changed from pH 1.2 to pH 6.0. The highest nitrite scavenging activity was exhibited from the methanol extract of fruit, followed by root, stem, and leaf at pH 1.2. However, the nitrite scavenging activity at pH of 6.0 was not almost detected. All plant parts of P. americana showed tyrosinase inhibitory activity. The highest activity was found in the stem, and followed by root, leaf, and fruit in order. These tyrosinase inhibitory activity was progressively increased in a concentration-dependent manner. In this experiment on the methanol extracts of different organ from P. americana, we confirmed that the extract of P. americana showed potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Taken together, we conjectured that the P. americana had the potent biological activities, therefore this plant having various functional components could be a good material for development into source of natural food additives and cosmetics.

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Section: Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Effect, Antioxidant and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity of the Extract from Different Parts of Phytolacca americana L.

Boo¹,

Park²,

Woo³

et al. 2015

Korean J. Crop Sci.

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“…glutathione; GSH) have often been related to the deposition of melanin in the skin of humans and other mammals (e.g. Halprin & Okhawara 1966;Benedetto et al 1981;del Marmol et al 1993). High GSH levels in fact inhibit eumelanin production through different molecular pathways (Galván & Alonso-Alvarez 2008; figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, the thiol groups of the amino acid cysteine and GSH promote the formation of cysteinyldopas and thus a switch from eu-to pheomelanogenesis (reviewed in Galván & Solano 2009; figure 1). Second, these thiol groups interact with the tyrosinase active site, thus inhibiting its activity and the production of dopaquinone (del Marmol et al 1993). Finally, since certain levels of free radicals (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The expression of melanin-based plumage is separately modulated by exogenous oxidative stress and a melanocortin

2009

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Melanin-based traits involved in animal communication have been traditionally viewed as occurring under strict genetic control. However, it is generally accepted that both genetic and environmental factors influence melanin production. Medical studies suggest that, among environmental factors influencing melanization, oxidative stress could play a relevant role. On the other hand, genetic control would be exerted by the melanocortin system, and particularly by the alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (a-MSH), which triggers the production of eumelanins (black pigments). To determine how the melanocortin system and an exogenous source of oxidative stress interact in the expression of melanin-based plumage, developing red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa) were manipulated. Some partridges were injected with a-MSH, while other birds received a pro-oxidant molecule (diquat) in drinking water. Controls and birds receiving both treatments were also studied. Both a-MSH-and diquat-treated individuals presented larger eumelanin-based traits than controls, but a-MSHþdiquat-treated birds showed the largest traits, suggesting that oxidative stress and melanocortins promote additive but independent effects. Diquat also induced a decline in the level of a key intracellular antioxidant (glutathione), which is associated with high expression of eumelanin-based signals in other bird species. Some scenarios for the evolution of melanin-based traits in relation to oxidative stress are proposed.

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“…This mechanism could explain why methionine-supplemented nestlings show less intense and pure brown feathers at the back. (2) Glutathione joins to other substances to form precursors of phaeomelanin, leading to an apparent inhibition of pigmentation due to the lighter colour of phaeomelanin (del Mármol et al, 1993;Solano et al, 2006). Our results show that methionine-supplemented nestlings have less phaeomelanin in the back feathers, which thus reduces the plausibility of this last possibility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Methionine supplementation influences melanin-based plumage colouration in Eurasian kestrel,Falco tinnunculus, nestlings

Parejo

Silva

2009

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYThe extent to which the expression of melanin-based plumage colouration in birds is genetically or environmentally determined is controversial. Here, we performed a between-nest design supplementation with either the sulphur amino acid DL-methionine or with water to investigate the importance of the non-genetic component of melanin-based plumage colouration in the Eurasian kestrel, Falco tinnunculus. Methionine affects growth and immunity, thus we aimed to modify nestling growth and immunity before feather development. Then, we measured the effect of the experiment on colouration of two melanin-based plumage patches of nestling kestrels. We found that methionine slowed down nestling growth through treatment administration and that nestlings compensated by speeding up their growth later. We did not find any effects of methionine on nestling immunity (i.e. lymphocyte counts, natural antibody levels or complement-mediated immunity). Effects on growth seemed to be mirrored by changes in nestling colouration in the two sexes: methionine-nestlings showed less intense brown plumage on their backs compared with control nestlings. These results provide support for a non-genetic determination of a melanin-based plumage patch in the two sexes of nestling kestrels.

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Glutathione Depletion Increases Tyrosinase Activity in Human Melanoma Cells

Cited by 57 publications

References 27 publications

Antimicrobial Effect, Antioxidant and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity of the Extract from Different Parts of Phytolacca americana L.

Antimicrobial Effect, Antioxidant and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity of the Extract from Different Parts of Phytolacca americana L.

The expression of melanin-based plumage is separately modulated by exogenous oxidative stress and a melanocortin

Methionine supplementation influences melanin-based plumage colouration in Eurasian kestrel,Falco tinnunculus, nestlings

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