Glutathione Bioresponsive Cyclodextrin Nanosponges

Abstract

Cyclodextrin‐based nanosponges are designed as new nanostructured material for drug delivery. In vitro and in vivo studies show that nanosponges can increase the effectiveness of anti‐cancer drugs encapsulated within their nanostructure. Reported is a new, cheap glutathione (GSH)‐responsive material easily obtained in high yield through a one‐step synthetic route. Effectiveness of this GSH‐responsive material was proved using several tumor cells and doxorubicin as model anticancer drug. The release of the drug was in according with the GSH content in tumor cells.

Ordered and disordered cyclodextrin nanosponges with diverse physicochemical properties

“…However, it was hypothesized that the CD-NSPs of an amorphous or crystalline structure with regular and irregular shapes can be obtained, 8,9 but not a single report was found in this regard. However, the perfectly cubic shaped g-cyclodextrin NSPs was successfully synthesised in our lab using cyclodextrin metal organic frameworks as a template.…”

“…Because of their nano-porous structure, CD-NSPs can advantageously carry both water insoluble (Biopharmaceutical Classication System class-II drugs) and soluble drugs for safe and targeted delivery. 8,9 These complexes can be used to increase the dissolution rate and stability and mask the unpleasant taste of drugs. Previously, researchers have mainly focused on the synthesis and the applications of b-CD-NSPs.…”

Extended release delivery of erlotinib glutathione nanosponge for targeting lung cancer

“…NS was prepared by a method reported by Trotta et al 2015 [27] with some modifications. One gram (0.881 mM) of b-CD was solubilized in 4 ml of DMSO in a water bath at room temperature and then 0.05 gm (0.324 mM) of 2-HEDS was added to the above mixture and stirred for 10 min.…”

“…This suggests that NS causes internalization of ETB and protects the drug from inactivation or extrusion, thus rendering the low drug doses more effective for a longer time. It can be interpreted that ETB-NS displayed more apparent effects than the plain drug in cell lines having increased concentrations of GSH level [22,27].…”

“…With these significant characteristics, GSH is an excellent biogenic stimulus and can be used for developing site-specific intracellular (cancerous cell) drug delivery system [21]. Introduction of a disulphide bond into complex formulation (GSH-responsive controlled release systems) has been widely reported [22], including polymersomes [23], self-assembled micelles [24], inorganic nanomaterials, nanocapsule [25], nanoparticles [20,26] and nanosponge [27].…”