Glutathione and glutathione reductase: A boon in disguise for plant abiotic stress defense operations

Glutathione in plants: biosynthesis and physiological role in environmental stress tolerance

“…The Glu linkage of GSH leads to an increased reactivity with respect to its participation in the c-glutamyl cycle and protects GSH against attack by aminopeptidases (Wonisch and Schaur 2001). Glutathione is a low molecular weight tripeptide found at high (millimolar) concentration in all aerobic organisms (Hasanuzzaman et al 2012a;Gill et al 2013). It is found in the cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum, vacuoles, mitochondria, chloroplasts, peroxisomes, and the apoplast (Noctor and Foyer 1998).…”

Antioxidant modulation in response to selenium induced oxidative stress in unicellular cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942

“…The catalase activity of S. elongatus PCC 7942 did not register wide variation over all Se concentrations used, both spectrophotometrically and in the native gel (Figure 2c). Several studies reveal, high level of GR induction as the result of ROS produced by different environmental stress in algae (Gill et al, 2013). In this study, GR showed two isozymes under 200 µM SeO 4 2− and is supposed to re-reduce the oxidized glutathione generated from GPX activity (Figure 2e), indicating that the oxidative protection mechanism was increased and that the ROS level in the S. elongatus PCC 7942 might be under control.…”

The utilities of Citrus tissue culture

“…Also callus cultures and cells in suspension have been used to study the biosynthesis of economically important secondary metabolites enabling the propagation of cell lineages that contain alterations in biosynthetic capabilities. he production of different compounds in plants is generally mediated by environmental factors that vary according to physiological conditions and seasonal variations (Gill et al, 2013). Thus, cell cultures ensure controlled conditions that circumvent environmental changes.…”