Glutathione and ascorbic acid in spinach (<i>Spinacia oleracea</i>) chloroplasts. The effect of hydrogen peroxide and of Paraquat

Law, Man Yee; Charles, Stephen A.; Halliwell, Barry

doi:10.1042/bj2100899

Cited by 819 publications

(375 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The ratios of AsA to DAsA and of GSH to GSSG decrease under oxidative stress (Law et al, 1983;Gossett et al, 1994). Although the ratios of both AsA/DAsA and GSH/GSSG were lower in Al-treated than in control leaves, AsA and GSH still accounted for more than 90 % of the total glutathione pool and ascorbate pool in the Al-treated leaves (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Aluminum on Light Energy Utilization and Photoprotective Systems in Citrus Leaves

Chen

Qi²,

Liu³

2005

Annals of Botany

104

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Background and Aims Under high photon flux, excitation energy may be in excess in aluminum (Al)-treated leaves, which use a smaller fraction of the absorbed light in electron transport due to decreased CO 2 assimilation compared with normal leaves. The objectives of this study were to test the hypothesis that the antioxidant systems are up-regulated in Al-treated citrus leaves and correlate with protection from photoxidative damage, and to test whether xanthophyll cycle-dependent thermal energy dissipation is involved in dissipating excess excitation energy.Methods 'Cleopatra' tangerine seedlings were fertilized and irrigated daily for 8 weeks with quarter-strength Hoagland's nutrient solution containing Al at a concentration of 0 or 2 mM from Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 .18H 2 O. Thereafter, leaf absorptance, chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence, Al, pigments, antioxidant enzymes and metabolites were measured on fully expanded leaves.Key Results Compared with control leaves, energy was in excess in Al-treated leaves, which had smaller thermal energy dissipation, indicated by non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). In contrast, conversion of violaxanthin (V) to antheraxanthin (A) and zeaxanthin (Z) at midday increased in both treatments, but especially in Al-treated leaves, although A + Z accounted for less 40 % of the total xanthophyll cycle pool in them. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase (CAT), and concentrations of ascorbate (AsA), dehydroascorbate (DASA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) were higher in Al-treated than in control leaves.Conclusions These results corroborate the hypothesis that, compared with control leaves, antioxidant systems are up-regulated in Al-treated citrus leaves and protect from photoxidative damage, whereas thermal energy dissipation was decreased. Thus, antioxidant systems are more important than thermal energy dissipation in dissipating excess excitation energy in Al-treated citrus leaves.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Aluminum on Light Energy Utilization and Photoprotective Systems in Citrus Leaves

Chen

Qi²,

Liu³

2005

Annals of Botany

104

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“…Determination of AsA and GSH content The method described by Law et al 57 was employed for the determination of reduced (AsA) and oxidized (DHA). The assay was based on the reduction of Fe 3C to Fe 2C by AsA in acidic solution.…”

Section: Assay Of Atps Sat Contents Of S and Cysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenous salicylic acid improves photosynthesis and growth through increase in ascorbate-glutathione metabolism and S assimilation in mustard under salt stress

Nazar

Umar

Khan

2015

Plant Signaling & Behavior

201

114

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Ascorbate (AsA)-glutathione (GSH) cycle metabolism has been regarded as the most important defense mechanism for the resistance of plants under stress. In this study the influence of salicylic acid (SA) was studied on ascorbateglutathione pathway, S-assimilation, photosynthesis and growth of mustard (Brassica juncea L.) plants subjected to 100 mM NaCl. Treatment of SA (0.5 mM) alleviated the negative effects of salt stress and improved photosynthesis and growth through increase in enzymes of ascorbate-glutathione pathway which suggest that SA may participate in the redox balance under salt stress. The increase in leaf sulfur content through higher activity of ATP sulfurylase (ATPS) and serine acetyl transferase (SAT) by SA application was associated with the increased accumulation of glutathione (GSH) and lower levels of oxidative stress. These effects of SA were substantiated by the findings that application of SAanalog, 2,6, dichloro-isonicotinic acid (INA) and 1 mM GSH treatment produced similar results on rubisco, photosynthesis and growth of plants establishing that SA application alleviates the salt-induced decrease in photosynthesis mainly through inducing the enzyme activity of ascorbate-glutathione pathway and increased GSH production. Thus, SA/GSH could be a promising tool for alleviation of salt stress in mustard plants.

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“…Ascorbic acid (AsA) was measured following Law, Charles & Halliwell (1983) with some modifications. In general, 0.5 g leaf tissue was extracted with 3 mL of 5% meta-phosphoric acid and centrifuged at 22 000 ¥ g for 15 min.…”

Section: Determination Of Antioxidants Active Oxygen Species and Lipmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between CO₂ assimilation, photosynthetic electron transport and water–water cycle in chill‐exposed cucumber leaves under low light and subsequent recovery

Zhou

Huang

et al. 2004

Plant Cell & Environment

137

119

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The effects of chilling under low light (9/7 ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ C, 100 m m m m mol m ----2 s ----1 ) on the photosynthetic and antioxidant capacities and subsequent recovery were examined in two (one tolerant and one sensitive) cucumber genotypes. Chilling resulted in an irreversible inhibition of net CO 2 assimilation and growth for the sensitive genotype, which was accompanied by decreases in the maximum velocity of RuBP carboxylation by Rubisco ( V cmax ), the capacity for ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate regeneration ( J max ), Rubisco content and activity, and the quantum efficiency of photosystem II, in the absence of any stomatal limitation of CO 2 supply or inorganic phosphate limitation. In contrast, CO 2 assimilation for the tolerant genotype fully recovered after chill. The chill-induced decrease in the proportion of electron flux for photosynthetic carbon reduction was mostly compensated by an O 2 -dependent alternative electron flux driven by the water-water cycle, especially in the sensitive genotype. Compared with the tolerant genotype, the sensitive genotype after chill showed reduced capacity for scavenging reactive oxygen species and increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species. The balance between O 2 -dependent alternative electron flux and the capacity for scavenging reactive oxygen species in response to chill plays a major role in determining the tolerance of cucumber leaves to this stress factor. It is concluded that the water-water cycle operates at high rates when CO 2 assimilation is restricted in cucumber leaves subjected to chill and low light conditions. Key-words : Cucumis sativus ; chilling; chlorophyll fluorescence; electron transport flux; photosynthesis; reactive oxygen species; water-water cycle.Abbreviations : APX, ascorbate peroxidase; A sat , light saturated rate of the CO 2 assimilation; CAT, catalase; F CO2 , quantum efficiency of CO 2 fixation; F o , F m , F v , minimal, maximal and variable fluorescence yields; F m ¢ , F v ¢ , F s , maximal, variable and steady-state fluorescence yield in a lightadapted state; F v / F m , the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII; F v ¢ / F m ¢ , the efficiency of excitation energy capture by open PSII reaction centre; GR, glutathione reductase; J a , alternative electron flux; J a(O 2 -dependent), O 2 -dependent alternative electron flux; J a(O 2 -independent), O 2 -independent alternative electron flux; J e(PCR), electron flux for the photosynthetic carbon reduction; J e(PSII), total electron flux in PSII; J e(PCO), electron flux for the photorespiratory carbon oxidation; J max , maximum potential rate of electron transport contributed to RuBP regeneration; l , stomatal limitation; MDA, malonaldehyde; PPFD, photosynthetic photon flux density; F PSII , relative quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry; q P , photochemical quenching; Rubisco, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase; ROS, reactive oxygen species; RuBP, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate; V cmax , maximum velocity of RuBP carboxylation by Rubisco; SOD, superoxide dismutase.

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Glutathione and ascorbic acid in spinach (Spinacia oleracea) chloroplasts. The effect of hydrogen peroxide and of Paraquat

Cited by 819 publications

References 26 publications

Effects of Aluminum on Light Energy Utilization and Photoprotective Systems in Citrus Leaves

Effects of Aluminum on Light Energy Utilization and Photoprotective Systems in Citrus Leaves

Exogenous salicylic acid improves photosynthesis and growth through increase in ascorbate-glutathione metabolism and S assimilation in mustard under salt stress

The relationship between CO₂ assimilation, photosynthetic electron transport and water–water cycle in chill‐exposed cucumber leaves under low light and subsequent recovery

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Glutathione and ascorbic acid in spinach (Spinacia oleracea) chloroplasts. The effect of hydrogen peroxide and of Paraquat

Cited by 819 publications

References 26 publications

Effects of Aluminum on Light Energy Utilization and Photoprotective Systems in Citrus Leaves

Effects of Aluminum on Light Energy Utilization and Photoprotective Systems in Citrus Leaves

Exogenous salicylic acid improves photosynthesis and growth through increase in ascorbate-glutathione metabolism and S assimilation in mustard under salt stress

The relationship between CO2 assimilation, photosynthetic electron transport and water–water cycle in chill‐exposed cucumber leaves under low light and subsequent recovery

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The relationship between CO₂ assimilation, photosynthetic electron transport and water–water cycle in chill‐exposed cucumber leaves under low light and subsequent recovery