Glutathione: A key role in skeletal muscle metabolism

Sen, Chandan K.

doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-8958-2_8

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The ∼10% decrease in the GSH content partially supports the plausible involvement of ROS in impaired function of the SR and Na + -K + -ATPase. However, the magnitude of decreases observed in the present study is smaller than shown in previous study on exercised rodent muscles [24].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 78%

“…It is well known that GSH, a low-molecular-weight thiol, regulates the cellular redox state and alteration in the GSH content can be a hallmark for oxidative stress [24]. For GS, 1-min stimulation elicited a 9.7% decline (Fig.…”

Section: Gsh Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We tested the hypotheses that (1) depressions in SR Ca 2+ -uptake and release rates and Na + -K + -ATPase activity would follow different time courses; and (2) these changes would occur more rapidly in less oxidative muscles than in oxidative muscles. To gain insight into the role of the cellular redox state in alterations in the structure state of proteins, we also measured the reduced glutathione (GSH) content that is an index of oxidative stress [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Time course of changes in in vitro sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-handling and Na+-K+-ATPase activity during repetitive contractions

Mishima

Yamada

Sakamoto

et al. 2008

Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol

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Time-dependent changes in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+-handling and Na+-K+-ATPase activity, as assessed in vitro, were investigated in the superficial (GS) and deep regions (GD) of rat gastrocnemius muscles undergoing short-term (up to 30 min) electrical stimulation. There was a rapid and progressive loss of force output during the first 5 min of stimulation. For GS, significant depressions (P < 0.05) in SR Ca2+-uptake rate and Ca2+-ATPase activity were observed during only the first 1 min. No further reductions occurred with stimulation time. SR Ca2+-release rate was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased at 3 min. For GD, significant reductions (P < 0.05) in Ca2+-uptake rate, Ca2+-release rate and Ca2+-ATPase activity were manifested after 3, 5, and 5 min, respectively. A decay in Na+-K+-ATPase activity was found only in 1-min stimulated GD and 30-min stimulated GS. After 30 min, the depressed functions reverted to resting levels in GD but not in GS. The alterations in any variables examined were not parallel with changes in force output. These results suggest that, at least under the conditions used in this study, in vivo disruptions in cation regulation mediated by vigorous contractile activity would be attributable primarily to events other than structural alterations to the respective proteins.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 78%

Section: Gsh Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Time course of changes in in vitro sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-handling and Na+-K+-ATPase activity during repetitive contractions

Mishima

Yamada

Sakamoto

et al. 2008

Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol

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“…Hence it is feasible that polyphenolic compounds derived from blueberries may support muscle repair and recovery through a similar process that is unrelated to the fruit’s antioxidant capacity. Preliminary results from another study we have conducted show that blueberry-derived anthocyanins induce an up-regulation of phase II antioxidant enzymes (unpublished observation) supporting others that report plant-derived anthocyanins activate redox-sensitive transcription factors that lead to the up-regulation of phase II antioxidant enzyme systems [20,48,49]. Since exercise-induced ROS have also been shown to activate redox-sensitive transcription factors - nuclear erythroid-related factor 2 (nrf2) [50,51] and heat shock factor [52], these adaptive mechanisms may serve to facilitate the repair and functional recovery of skeletal muscle.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Effect of New Zealand blueberry consumption on recovery from eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage

McLeay

Barnes

Mündel

et al. 2012

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

120

137

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BackgroundExercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is accompanied by localized oxidative stress / inflammation which, in the short-term at least, is associated with impaired muscular performance. Dietary antioxidants have been shown to reduce excessive oxidative stress; however, their effectiveness in facilitating recovery following EIMD is not clear. Blueberries demonstrate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study we examine the effect of New Zealand blueberries on EIMD after strenuous eccentric exercise.MethodsIn a randomized cross-over design, 10 females consumed a blueberry smoothie or placebo of a similar antioxidant capacity 5 and 10 hours prior to and then immediately, 12 and 36 hours after EIMD induced by 300 strenuous eccentric contractions of the quadriceps. Absolute peak and average peak torque across the knee, during concentric, isometric, and eccentric actions were measured. Blood biomarkers of oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity, and inflammation were assessed at 12, 36 and 60 hours post exercise. Data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA.ResultsA significant (p < 0.001) decrease in isometric, concentric and eccentric torque was observed 12 hours following exercise in both treatment groups. During the 60 hour recovery period, a significant (p = 0.047) interaction effect was seen for peak isometric tension suggesting a faster rate of recovery in the blueberry intervention group. A similar trend was observed for concentric and eccentric strength. An increase in oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers was also observed in both treatment groups following EIMD. Although a faster rate of decrease in oxidative stress was observed in the blueberry group, it was not significant (p < 0.05) until 36 hours post-exercise and interestingly coincided with a gradual increase in plasma antioxidant capacity, whereas biomarkers for inflammation were still elevated after 60 hours recovery.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that the ingestion of a blueberry smoothie prior to and after EIMD accelerates recovery of muscle peak isometric strength. This effect, although independent of the beverage’s inherent antioxidant capacity, appears to involve an up-regulation of adaptive processes, i.e. endogenous antioxidant processes, activated by the combined actions of the eccentric exercise and blueberry consumption. These findings may benefit the sporting community who should consider dietary interventions that specifically target health and performance adaptation.

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“…Reduced glutathione normally functions to maintain reduced thiols on proteins. During aging and under conditions of oxidative stress the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione levels declines (102,103), and critical cysteines on a range of intracellular proteins become oxidized. Ultimately, the maintenance of cellular function involves the NADPHdependent reduction of oxidized glutathione by glutathione reductase, which is dependent on intracellular respiration.…”

Section: Cysteine Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%