Glutaraldehyde test for the rapid diagnosis of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in an area with high tuberculosis incidence

Abstract

BACKGROUNDTuberculosis (TB) remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The primary method for controlling TB is the rapid and accurate identification of infected individuals. Immune response exploitation represents one of the main methods used for early TB diagnosis; however, few studies have reported that whole blood originating from TB-infected patients gels faster in the presence of aldehyde than blood originating from healthy subjects, which is the focus of the current study.OBJECTIVESThe study objectives are to determine the diagnostic value of a glutaraldehyde test (GT) in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) and to assess its performance compared with light-emitting diode fluorescence microscopy (LED-FM).MATERIALS AND METHODSThis study included 272 specimens (176 suspected PTB specimens and 96 suspected EPTB specimens). Of the 272 patients, 98 patients had TB infection confirmed by culture (64 PTB cases and 34 EPTB cases), and 174 patients had no TB infection. The gold standard technique (culture) was used as reference to verify the GT's performance.RESULTSThe GT showed a high sensitivity (96.9%) and specificity (82.1%) for PTB with a good positive predictive value (PPV = 75.6%) and negative predictive value (NPV = 97.9%). For EPTB, the GT showed a sensitivity of 91.2% and a specificity of 77.4%, with PPV = 68.9% and NPV = 94.1%. LED-FM had lower sensitivities for PTB (65.6%) and EPTB (42.1%) and an excellent specificity of 100%, with PPV = 100% and NPV = 100%.CONCLUSIONWe concluded that GT is rapid, easy, simple and cost-effective and does not require qualified personnel with a specific background or sophisticated equipment like molecular biology or mycobacterium-specific genotyping techniques. These qualities make the GT attractive for use in low- and high-income countries in addition to other conventional methods, particularly culture, which continues to be the gold standard.

The Usefulness of Glutaraldehyde Coagulation Test as a Conjuncture Test in the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Humans and Animals

“…Apart from fibrinogen, other serum proteins were also studied which showed an inverse relationship with coagulation time in animals but not in humans. An increase in polyclonal gamma globulins and fibrinogen in the blood of TB patients was also suggested by Ahmed et al (2017). Their results are in line with the findings of the present study.…”

Epidemiology and disease burden of tuberculosis in south of Tunisia over a 22-year period: Current trends and future projections

“…This high prevalence could be due to the spreading of HIV infection and TB drug resistance that disrupted the TB control, resulting in a reactivation of Mycobacterium . Previous studies reported different rates of EPTB, such as 35.3% in east-central Tunisia [12], 57.5% in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia [13], 48.2% in Western Nepal [14], 36.1% in Cameroon [15] and 17% in 8 regions in Morocco [16]. A similar study done in India reported that EPTB was more common in female, notably lymph node TB, central nervous system TB and TB of bones and joints [17].…”