Glutaraldehyde-Tanned Ovine Collagen Conduits as Vascular Xenografts in Dogs

Ketharnathan, Vettivetpillai

doi:10.1001/archsurg.1980.01380080057011

Cited by 33 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Ketharnathan and Christie (22) implanted glutaraldehyde treated ovine collagen conduits as vascular xenografts in dogs. No calcification of the conduits was noted at 3 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the Dog a Useful Model for Accelerated Calcification Study of Cardiovascular Bioprostheses?

et al. 1997

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Chitosan posttreatment has been shown to be effective in prevention of calcification of the glutaraldehyde treated bovine pericardium when implanted subdermally in rats for 12 weeks. The efficacy of chitosan posttreatment in complete calcium mitigation of the glutaraldehyde treated porcine aortic valves implanted in the right side of the heart in dogs was well-documented in our previous study. In this study, an attempt has been made to evaluate the merit of the chitosan posttreatment in prevention of calcification of the glutaraldehyde (GA) treated porcine aortic valved conduits in the systemic circulation in dogs for a period of 5 months. Eleven mongrel dogs underwent left thoracotomy. Porcine aortic valved conduits treated with 0.625% GA (n = 5) and GA-chitosan (n = 6) were implanted in the descending thoracic aortas of the dogs for 5 months. Gross histological observations showed no calcification in either the 0.625% GA treated or in the GA-chitosan treated valved conduits at 5 months. This was confirmed by results of quantitative analyses for calcium in each explant. There was no significant difference in calcium content between the GA only (Ca, 0.43 * 0.26 mg/g) and GA-chitosan treated (Ca, 0.51 f 0.19 mg/g; p = 0.5959) valved conduits. This study suggests that the dog is not a suitable model for evaluating the efficacy of a calcium mitigating agent in bioprostheses implanted in systemic circulation. Key Words: Aortic surgery-Bioprosthetic valved conduit-Glutaraldehyde-ChitosanApicoaortic shunt.The quality of life after mechanical heart valve replacement is not ideal, mainly because of the necessity of lifelong anticoagulation and the ever present risk of thromboembolism (1). Valve repair instead of valve replacement is thus increasingly attempted, but the procedure is not always feasible (2,3), and the hemodynamic results can be unsatisfactory (4). The alternative to mechanical valve replacement is the use of biological prostheses: there is no need for lifelong anticoagulation even in the presence of chronic atrial fibrillation, and the risk of systemic thromboembolism is very low. Furthermore, the quality of life can be considered very close to normal, allowing heavy work, sports, normal pregnancy and delivery, and life in remote areas (5,6). The primary concern with bioprostheses, welldocumented over the previous years, is skepticism regarding the durability and the potential morbidity

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“…Ketharnathan and Christie (22) implanted glutaraldehyde treated ovine collagen conduits as vascular xenografts in dogs. No calcification of the conduits was noted at 3 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the Dog a Useful Model for Accelerated Calcification Study of Cardiovascular Bioprostheses?

et al. 1997

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“…13,20 Briefly, the device was produced by implanting a silicone mandrel covered with a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) mesh beneath the cutaneous trunci muscles of adult sheep for 12 weeks. During this period, collagenous tissue was deposited in and around the mesh.…”

Section: Manufacture Of Modified Mandrel-grown Vascular Prosthesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Part of the process includes stabilization of the collagenous tissue component in 2% (w/v) glutaraldehyde. 13,20 After removal of the silicone mandrel and chemical sterilization, the treated collagen-polyester composite tubes were stored in 50% (v/v) ethanol prior to implantation into dogs.…”

Section: Manufacture Of Modified Mandrel-grown Vascular Prosthesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo evaluation of modified mandrel-grown vascular prostheses

Werkmeister

Edwards

White

et al. 1999

J. Biomed. Mater. Res.

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The Omniflowtrade mark Vascular Prosthesis (OVP) has been manufactured and extensively tested in animal and human trials. It has mechanical and biological qualities superior to synthetic and biological conduits, particularly in low flow conditions. For further development into the smaller diameter coronary prostheses, the inner luminal surface is of paramount importance. In a previous study this inner surface was modified to produce a more uniformly thicker nonundulating surface. In this study the mandrels of these modified OVPs were treated with either collagen or heparin; the OVPs were evaluated for patency, tissue integration and wound healing, and endothelialization using a dog model comparable to that used to evaluate the unmodified OVP. In all instances, each of the modified prostheses were fully patent and had no signs of any deleterious effects caused by these modifications; no thrombus or aneurysms were visible. The tissue response was rapid with excellent new host collagen deposition within the vessel wall and minimal inflammatory and foreign body giant cells. Endothelialization was noted at the earliest explant time point in central regions of the prostheses, albeit that the histological picture at this time point appeared to reflect a complex atypical intimal layer.

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“…16 The tissue-engineered biomatrix vascular conduits seeded in this study were produced by the same process originally described by Ketharanathan and Christie in 1980. 17 Biomatrix vascular conduits [ Fig. 1(A)] are formed when silicon mandrels, covered with polyester mesh, are incorporated into a cellular matrix after implantation for 12-14 weeks beneath the cutaneous trunci muscles of adult sheep [ Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence of human saphenous vein endothelial cell monolayers to tissue-engineered biomatrix vascular conduits

Birchall¹,

Field

Ketharanathan

2001

J. Biomed. Mater. Res.

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This study investigates the adherence and retention under in vitro flow conditions of endothelium grown on the luminal surface of 4-mm-internal-diameter, biomatrix vascular conduits. The biomatrix vascular conduits are produced in living animals and consist of a naturally formed extracellular matrix wall incorporating a polyester mesh. We propose that the microarchitecture of the luminal surface may be conducive to endothelial cell (EC) seeding and to the formation of a firmly adherent endothelium without prior treatment of the surface with cell adhesives. ECs were isolated from segments of human saphenous vein and grown to confluence in a culture. Cultured cells were characterized by morphology and immunocytochemistry with anti-CD31, Von Willebrand factor, smooth muscle actin, cytokeratin, and the lectin Ulex Europaeus agglutinin. After culture, ECs were seeded (1 x 10(6) cell/mL) by rotation onto the luminal surface of 20-cm-long, biomatrix vascular conduits (n = 3). The seeded conduits were incubated for 72 h, and at set time points postseeding (1, 24, 48, and 72 h), the morphology, percentage luminal surface cover, and cell density (cell/cm(2)) were determined from en face preparations and histological cross sections. After 72 h in culture, the seeded conduits were subjected to a nonpulsatile flow for 1 h with culture media. A flow rate of 480 mL/min generated physiological-range shear stresses of 12 dyn/cm(2) on the endothelialized surface. After the flow, the conduits were fixed for histology, and the EC morphology and percentage luminal surface cover were determined. Quantification of the extent of luminal surface endothelialization, preflow and postflow, and cell densities at confluence was performed with digital imaging light microscopy and image analysis software. An analysis of the results demonstrated that confluent EC monolayers may be established on the luminal surface of biomatrix vascular conduits within 48 h. The formed endothelium was firmly adherent and was retained under physiological-range flow.

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Glutaraldehyde-Tanned Ovine Collagen Conduits as Vascular Xenografts in Dogs

Cited by 33 publications

References 8 publications

Is the Dog a Useful Model for Accelerated Calcification Study of Cardiovascular Bioprostheses?

Is the Dog a Useful Model for Accelerated Calcification Study of Cardiovascular Bioprostheses?

In vivo evaluation of modified mandrel-grown vascular prostheses

Adherence of human saphenous vein endothelial cell monolayers to tissue-engineered biomatrix vascular conduits

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