Glutamine synthetase is a glial-specific marker in the olfactory regions of the lobster (Panulirus argus) nervous system

Linser, Paul J.; Trapido-Rosenthal, Henry G.; Orona, Edward

doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1136(199708)20:4<275::aid-glia1>3.0.co;2-5

Cited by 38 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The types of sequences with significant similarity to the ESTs ranged from intermediary metabolism enzymes to transcription factors, receptors, and neuropeptides (Tables 2 and 3). Among these were specific markers previously identified as associated with three cell types located in the mature zone of the olfactory organ: olfactory sensory neurons, auxiliary (glial) cells that ensheath the bundles of dendrites extending from each cluster of olfactory sensory neurons, and secretory cells of the aesthetasc tegumental glands (39,47,68,69). OET-07, an ionotropic glutamate receptor, and OET-10, a tubulin isoform, both of which are specifically expressed in olfactory sensory neurons, were detected.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene expression and specificity in the mature zone of the lobster olfactory organ

Stepanyan

Day

Urban

et al. 2006

Physiological Genomics

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expression and specificity in the mature zone of the lobster olfactory organ. Physiol Genomics 25: 224 -233, 2006; doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00276.2005.-The lobster olfactory organ is an important model for investigating many aspects of the olfactory system. To facilitate study of the molecular basis of olfaction in lobsters, we made a subtracted cDNA library from the mature zone of the olfactory organ of Homarus americanus, the American lobster. Sequencing of the 5Ј-end of 5,184 cDNA clones produced 2,389 distinct high-quality sequences consisting of 1,944 singlets and 445 contigs. Matches to known sequences corresponded with the types of cells present in the olfactory organ, including specific markers of olfactory sensory neurons, auxiliary cells, secretory cells of the aesthetasc tegumental gland, and epithelial cells. The wealth of neuronal mRNAs represented among the sequences reflected the preponderance of neurons in the tissue. The sequences identified candidate genes responsible for known functions and suggested new functions not previously recognized in the olfactory organ. A cDNA microarray was designed and tested by assessing mRNA abundance differences between two of the lobster's major chemosensory structures: the mature zone of the olfactory organ and the dactyl of the walking legs, a taste organ. The 115 differences detected again emphasized the abundance of neurons in the olfactory organ, especially a cluster of mRNAs encoding cytoskeletal-associated proteins and cell adhesion molecules such as 14-3-3, actins, tubulins, trophinin, Fax, Yel077cp, suppressor of profilin 2, and gelsolin. microarray; bioinformatics; crustacea; neurogenesis LOBSTERS ARE IMPORTANT MODELS for studying olfaction. Lobster olfactory sensory neurons are large compared with most other animal species. This advantage is one reason that they were the first olfactory sensory neurons investigated by patch-clamp electrophysiology, and, more broadly, the first neurons of any type used for patch clamping in situ in tissue sections (2). This approach led to numerous discoveries such as hyperpolarizing receptor potentials, modulation of sensory neuron sensitivity by neuroactive compounds, presynaptic inhibition of olfactory sensory neurons, dual olfactory transduction pathways, and regulation of olfactory transduction by phosphatidylinositols (1, 49 -51, 76, 83, 84 ). Equally important to the success of the lobster as a model is an understanding of the chemistry and behavioral significance of odors in crustaceans to the extent where specific behaviors can be evoked by synthetic odors consisting of mixtures of amino acids and nucleotides (13,14). The development of associative conditioning tests for lobsters provided further behavioral measures that could be directly correlated with physiology, thereby allowing pioneering studies into the perception of odor mixtures (for reviews, see Refs. 19 and 20). The means to investigate chemistry, behavior, and physiology in a single organism has made the lobster a significant model for the stu...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene expression and specificity in the mature zone of the lobster olfactory organ

Stepanyan

Day

Urban

et al. 2006

Physiological Genomics

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“…3A, B) (Sullivan et al 2005(Sullivan et al , 2007. These cells differ from other brain glia in the close proximity of their somata and the fasciculation of their processes into tracts (Linser et al 1997;Sullivan and Beltz 2005c;Allodi et al 2006) and occur in both juvenile and adult crayfish (Sullivan et al 2005(Sullivan et al , 2007. Lateral and medial subpopulations within the glial soma cluster (GSC) are grouped around a central, circular region that does not label with glial markers (Fig.…”

Section: Anatomy Of the Proliferative System Maintaining Adult Neurogmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult neurogenesis and cell cycle regulation in the crustacean olfactory pathway: from glial precursors to differentiated neurons

et al. 2007

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Adult neurogenesis is a characteristic feature of the olfactory pathways of decapod crustaceans. In crayfish and clawed lobsters, adult-born neurons are the progeny of precursor cells with glial characteristics located in a neurogenic niche on the ventral surface of the brain. The daughters of these precursor cells migrate during S and G 2 stages of the cell cycle along glial fibers to lateral (cluster 10) and medial (cluster 9) proliferation zones. Here, they divide (M phase) producing offspring that differentiate into olfactory interneurons. The complete lineage of cells producing neurons in these animals, therefore, is arranged along the migratory stream according to cell cycle stage. We have exploited this model to examine the influence of environmental and endogenous factors on adult neurogenesis. We find that increased levels of serotonin upregulate neuronal production, as does maintaining animals in an enriched (versus deprived) environment or augmenting their diet with omega-3 fatty acids; increased levels of nitric oxide, on the other hand, decrease the rate of neurogenesis. The features of the neurogenic niche and migratory streams, and the fact that these continue to function in vitro, provide opportunities unavailable in other organisms to explore the sequence of cellular and molecular events leading to the production of new neurons in adult brains.

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“…In P. clarkii, CFCs were identified as glial cells mainly because they were labeled by anti-GS (Sullivan et al, 2007a,b). Anti-GS is a marker for astrocytes in the mammalian brain (Norenberg, 1979), and it selectively labels a class of glial cells in the brain of decapod crustaceans (Linser et al 1997;Sullivan et al, 2007a;Harzsch and Hansson, 2008). These GS + glial cells have somata at the rim of neuropils, and they extend uni-or multipolar processes into the neuropils, where they branch profusely (Linser et al, 1997).…”

Section: Cellular Identity Of Cfcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neuropil glia-Immunocytochemical labeling with anti-GS, which is used a selective marker for astrocytes in vertebrates (Norenberg, 1979;Hertz et al, 1999), identified a particular class of glial cells in the olfactory deutocerebrum of P. argus with somata at the edge of neuropils and processes extending into the neuropils (Linser et al, 1997).…”

Section: Identification Of Different Cell Types In the Olfactory Deutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytoarchitecture and ultrastructure of neural stem cell niches and neurogenic complexes maintaining adult neurogenesis in the olfactory midbrain of spiny lobsters, Panulirus argus

Schmidt

Derby

2011

J of Comparative Neurology

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New interneurons are continuously generated in small proliferation zones within neuronal somata clusters in the olfactory deutocerebrum of adult decapod crustaceans. Each proliferation zone is connected to a clump of cells containing one neural stem cell (i.e., adult neuroblast), thus forming a "neurogenic complex." Here we provide a detailed analysis of the cytoarchitecture of neurogenic complexes in adult spiny lobsters, Panulirus argus, based on transmission electron microscopy and labeling with cell-type-selective markers. The clump of cells is composed of unique bipolar clump-forming cells that collectively completely envelop the adult neuroblast and are themselves ensheathed by a layer of processes of multipolar cell body glia. An arteriole is attached to the clump of cells, but dye perfusion experiments show that hemolymph has no access to the interior of the clump of cells. Thus, the clump of cells fulfills morphological criteria of a protective stem cell niche, with clump-forming cells constituting the adult neuroblast's microenvironment together with the cell body glia processes separating it from other tissue components. Bromodeoxyuridine pulse-chase experiments with short survival times suggest that adult neuroblasts are not quiescent but rather cycle actively during daytime. We propose a cell lineage model in which an asymmetrically dividing adult neuroblast repopulates the pool of neuronal progenitor cells in the associated proliferation zone. In conclusion, as in mammalian brains, adult neurogenesis in crustacean brains is fueled by neural stem cells that are maintained by stem cell niches that preserve elements of the embryonic microenvironment and contain glial and vascular elements. INDEXING TERMSproliferation; decapod crustacean; arthropod; brain; glia Neurogenesis persists throughout adulthood and leads to continuous production of new neurons in certain brain regions. Adult neurogenesis is well documented in brains of mammals and other vertebrates, including fish, amphibians, reptiles, and birds, but it is also a constitutive process in brains of many arthropods (Lindsey and Tropepe, 2006). In mammalian brains, adult neurogenesis predominantly produces new local interneurons of the olfactory bulb (periglomerular cells and granule cells) and the hippocampal dentate gyrus (granule cells; Kriegstein and Alvarez-Buylla, 2009). In brains of some insect species, adult neurogenesis generates new local interneurons (Kenyon cells) of the mushroom bodies (Cayre et al., 1994(Cayre et al., , 1996Gu et al., 1999;Dufour and Gadenne, 2006;Mashaly et al., 2008;Zhao et al., 2008;Ghosal et al., 2009 NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript neuropils that in most insects receive projections neurons (PNs) from the antennal lobes and thus represent the second stage of the central olfactory pathway; moreover, they are centers for multisensory integration (Strausfeld et al., 2009). Throughout decapod crustaceans, adult neurogenesis leads to the formation of new local intern...

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Glutamine synthetase is a glial-specific marker in the olfactory regions of the lobster (Panulirus argus) nervous system

Cited by 38 publications

References 25 publications

Gene expression and specificity in the mature zone of the lobster olfactory organ

Gene expression and specificity in the mature zone of the lobster olfactory organ

Adult neurogenesis and cell cycle regulation in the crustacean olfactory pathway: from glial precursors to differentiated neurons

Cytoarchitecture and ultrastructure of neural stem cell niches and neurogenic complexes maintaining adult neurogenesis in the olfactory midbrain of spiny lobsters, Panulirus argus

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