Glutamine synthetase activity in leaves of Zea mays L. as influenced by magnesium status

Jezek, Mareike; Geilfus, Christoph‐Martin; Mühling, Karl H.

doi:10.1007/s00425-015-2371-8

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 39 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…4c). Magnesium has been shown to be essential for the nitrogen metabolism as it is first a structural component of the enzyme glutamine synthetase and second has a catalytic role for the activity of this enzyme 46,47 . The glutamine synthetase generates glutamine from glutamate and ammonium and, so, is essential for the first step of ammonium fixation in plants 48 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root growth in light of changing magnesium distribution and transport between source and sink tissues in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Koch

Winkelmann

Hasler

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study depicts relations between magnesium (Mg) transport and re-translocation, photoassimilate partitioning, cation and ion concentrations, and finally root growth of potato under different Mg supplies. Potato plants were grown in a hydroponic culture system under different Mg regimes while investigating Mg concentrations, the expression of various Mg transporters, soluble sugars, and cations and anions in source and sink organs at different growth stages. Reports from literature about the impact of Mg deficiency on root growth are inconsistent. As Mg is known to be a phloem mobile nutrient, it is expected to be re-translocated under restricted availability of Mg from source to sink organs. Thus, we assume that plants can tolerate a slight Mg restriction without severe root growth reduction. However, under severe Mg deficiency, the process of Mg re-translocation is hampered, resulting in an impaired photoassimilate partitioning, and finally root growth. This might also explain the findings of studies claiming that Mg deficiency does not impair root growth as plants of these studies likely only suffered a slight Mg restriction. Finally, this study gives indications that an interruption of the process of Mg-re-translocation in early plant growth could be an indicator for growth reductions of the plant at a later growth stage.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root growth in light of changing magnesium distribution and transport between source and sink tissues in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Koch

Winkelmann

Hasler

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Samples were centrifuged at 15,000 g for 15 min. The amount of γ-glutamyl hydroxamate in the supernatant was determined photometrically (wavelength 540 nm) against an immediately stopped parallel sample ( Jezek et al, 2015 ). A standard curve was made using authentic γ-glutamyl hydroxamate (GHA) proportional to absorbance intensity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biostimulant Effects of Seed-Applied Sedaxane Fungicide: Morphological and Physiological Changes in Maize Seedlings

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Most crops are routinely protected against seed-born and soil-borne fungal pathogens through seed-applied fungicides. The recently released succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI), sedaxane®, is a broad-spectrum fungicide, used particularly to control Rhizoctonia spp., but also has documented growth-enhancement effects on wheat. This study investigates the potential biostimulant effects of sedaxane and related physiological changes in disease-free maize seedlings (3-leaf stage) at increasing application doses (25, 75 and 150 μg a.i. seed-1) under controlled sterilized conditions. We show sedaxane to have significant auxin-like and gibberellin-like effects, which effect marked morphological and physiological changes according to an approximate saturation dose-response model. Maximum benefits were attained at the intermediate dose, which significantly increased root length (+60%), area (+45%) and forks (+51%), and reduced root diameter as compared to untreated controls. Sedaxane enhanced leaf and root glutamine synthetase (GS) activity resulting in greater protein accumulation, particularly in the above-ground compartment, while glutamate synthase (GOGAT) activity remained almost unchanged. Sedaxane also improved leaf phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity, which may be responsible for the increase in shoot antioxidant activity (phenolic acids), mainly represented by p-coumaric and caffeic acids. We conclude that, in addition to its protective effect, sedaxane can facilitate root establishment and intensify nitrogen and phenylpropanoid metabolism in young maize plants, and may be beneficial in overcoming biotic and abiotic stresses in early growth stages.

show abstract

“…In Mg-starved plants, Mg remobilization from the old leaves to the young tissues was increased [38]. Previous studies showed that Mg-deficiency affected pigments, gas exchange, organic acid (OA), protein, amino acid and carbohydrate metabolisms more in the older leaves than those in the younger leaves [3, 39, 40]. This drives us to hypothesize that the Mg-deficiency-induced alterations of ROS and MG metabolism might become more pronounced with increasing leaf age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of reactive oxygen species and methylglyoxal metabolisms to magnesium-deficiency differ greatly among the roots, upper and lower leaves of Citrus sinensis

Cai

Zhang

et al. 2019

BMC Plant Biol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Magnesium (Mg)-deficiency is one of the most prevalent physiological disorders causing a reduction in Citrus yield and quality. ‘Xuegan’ ( Citrus sinensis ) seedlings were irrigated for 16 weeks with nutrient solution containing 2 mM (Mg-sufficiency) or 0 mM (Mg-deficiency) Mg(NO 3 ) 2 . Thereafter, we investigated the Mg-deficient effects on gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence in the upper and lower leaves, and Mg, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and methylglyoxal (MG) metabolisms in the roots, lower and upper leaves. The specific objectives were to corroborate the hypothesis that the responses of ROS and MG metabolisms to Mg-deficiency were greater in the lower leaves than those in the upper leaves, and different between the leaves and roots. Results Mg level was higher in the Mg-deficient upper leaves than that in the Mg-deficient lower leaves. This might be responsible for the Mg-deficiency-induced larger alterations of all the measured parameters in the lower leaves than those in the upper leaves, but they showed similar change patterns between the Mg-deficient lower and upper leaves. Accordingly, Mg-deficiency increased greatly their differences between the lower and upper leaves. Most of parameters involved in ROS and MG metabolisms had similar variation trends and degrees between the Mg-deficient lower leaves and roots, but several parameters (namely glutathione S-transferase, sulfite reductase, ascorbate and dehydroascorbate) displayed the opposite variation trends. Obviously, differences existed in the Mg-deficiency-induced alterations of ROS and MG metabolisms between the lower leaves and roots. Although the activities of most antioxidant and sulfur metabolism-related enzymes and glyoxalase I and the level of reduced glutathione in the Mg-deficient leaves and roots and the level of ascorbate in the leaves were kept in higher levels, the levels of malonaldehyde and MG and/or electrolyte leakage were increased in the Mg-deficient lower and upper leaves and roots, especially in the Mg-deficient lower leaves and roots. Conclusions The ROS and MG detoxification systems as a whole did not provide sufficient detoxification capacity to prevent the Mg-deficiency-induced production and accumulation of ROS and MG, thus leading to lipid peroxidation and the loss of plasma membrane integrity, especially in the lower leaves and roots. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12870-019-1683-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

show abstract

Glutamine synthetase activity in leaves of Zea mays L. as influenced by magnesium status

Cited by 29 publications

References 39 publications

Root growth in light of changing magnesium distribution and transport between source and sink tissues in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Root growth in light of changing magnesium distribution and transport between source and sink tissues in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Biostimulant Effects of Seed-Applied Sedaxane Fungicide: Morphological and Physiological Changes in Maize Seedlings

Responses of reactive oxygen species and methylglyoxal metabolisms to magnesium-deficiency differ greatly among the roots, upper and lower leaves of Citrus sinensis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About