Glutamine Synthetase Activity, Ammonium Accumulation and Growth of Callus Cultures of Asparagus officinalis L. Exposed to High Ammonium or Phosphinothricin

Seelye, J.F.; Borst, Wilhelmina M.; King, Graeme A.; Hannan, Patricia J.; Maddocks, D.

doi:10.1016/s0176-1617(11)81934-6

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Whatever the explanation, our data clearly demonstrate that ammonium and asparagine levels are not as closely linked as we thought. Futhermore, the finding that a decreased shelf-life was not associated with an accelerated rate of ammonium accumulation also agrees with earlier work (Hurst et al 1993a) and with our contention that ammonium accumulation is not lethal to asparagus tissue (Seelye et al 1995). Collectively, our available evidence points to asparagine synthesis being a key metabolic process in the postharvest life of asparagus.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Protein synthesis inhibitors accelerate the postharvest senescence of asparagus and induce tiprot

Hurst

Borst

Sinclair

1996

New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science

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In an attempt to delay the postharvest senescence of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.), protein synthesis inhibitors were fed to spears by immersing their butt ends in solutions of either actinomycin D or cycloheximide. These treatments, which are known to retard the senescence of excised flowers and leaves, accelerated the postharvest senescence of spears rather than delaying it. Shelflife and spear elongation were both reduced. Spear tips had lower concentrations of hexose and asparagine, and an increased incidence of the postharvest disorder, tiprot, than did tips of control (water-fed) spears. The significance of these observations on the etiology of tiprot is discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Protein synthesis inhibitors accelerate the postharvest senescence of asparagus and induce tiprot

Hurst

Borst

Sinclair

1996

New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science

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“…The increase in shoot NH 4 + appeared before the onset of symptoms and death. Mersey et al (1990) and other researchers (Diaz et al, 1995;Lacuesta et al, 1989;Seelye et al, 1995) observed a similar sequence of plant responses with GLA applied Fig. 4.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Herbicidal Actions of Root-Applied Glufosinate Ammonium on Tomato Plants

You¹,

Barker²

2002

jashs

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The herbicidal action of foliar applications of glufosinate-ammonium (GLA) is due to toxic accumulation of unassimilated NH4+ in leaves; however, the effects of root-applied GLA on NH4+ accumulation and plant growth are unknown. In a dose-response hydroponics experiment, tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants were grown in nitrate-based solutions with GLA added at 0, 6, 12, 25, or 50 mg·L-1. To observe plant responses to an exogenous NH4+ source with herbicide-induced responses, plants were grown in an NH4+-based solution without GLA addition. At 6 days after treatment (DAT), GLA in solution at 25 mg·L-1 produced partial leaf wilting, chlorosis, and necrosis of foliage, and at 50 mg·L-1, plants were fully wilted and necrotic. Ammonium (NH4+-N) concentration in shoots at 6 DAT increased from 0 to 6 mg·g-1 fresh weight with increasing GLA in the nutrient solution. Ethylene evolution doubled (from 4 to 8 nL·g-1·h-1, fresh weight) with increases in GLA from 0 to 25 mg·L-1 but declined with apparent plant death with GLA at 50 mg·L-1. Other treatments, including NH4+ nutrition, did not induce toxicity symptoms in leaves or give increases in NH4+ accumulation or ethylene evolution during the 6 days of the experiment. In a time-course experiment, tomato plants treated with GLA at 25 mg·L-1 were chlorotic at 4 DAT. Ethylene evolution (fresh weight basis) rose from an initial rate of 2.6 nL·g-1·h-1 to 8.3 nL·g-1·h-1 after 4 days. At 9 DAT, all plants receiving this treatment died. In the time-course experiment, an exogenous NH4+ treatment caused a slight inhibition in shoot fresh weight relative to NO3- nutrition with no GLA but caused no visible symptoms and only slight enhancements in NH4+ accumulation and ethylene evolution over the 9-day period. Following GLA treatment, NH4+ accumulated in the shoots and increased sharply with time, whereas exogenous NH4+ led to NH4+ accumulation primarily in roots. Results suggest that GLA was absorbed by roots and translocated to shoots, where it initiated accumulation of NH4+ and ethylene evolution as indications of herbicidal action. Chemical name used: glufosinate-ammonium, GLA.

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“…However, there has been little research into the application of Mo to decrease nitrate and TSNA accumulation. Glufosinate (Gfo) is a low-residue and effective herbicide in agriculture cultivation, known to inhibit glutamine synthetase activity (GSA) and lead to ammonium accumulation as well as the inhibition of photorespiration and photosynthesis in plants [25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. Some investigators have reported that glufosinate may inhibit the growth of bacteria [32] which may promote TSNA formation during the tobacco curing stage [4].…”

Section: Journal Of Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Difference between Burley Tobacco and Flue-Cured Tobacco in Nitrate Accumulation and Chemical Regulation of Nitrate and TSNA Contents

Li¹,

Shi²,

Yang³

et al. 2017

Journal of Chemistry

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Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) are harmful carcinogens, with nitrate as a precursor of their formation. Nitrate content is considerably higher in burley tobacco than in flue-cured tobacco, but little has been reported on the differences between types of nitrate accumulation during development. We explored nitrate accumulation prior to harvest and examined the effects of regulatory substances aimed at decreasing nitrate and TSNA accumulation. In growth experiments, nitrate accumulation in burley and flue-cured tobacco initially increased but then declined with the highest nitrate content observed during a fast-growth period. When treating tobacco crops with molybdenum (Mo) during fast growth, nitrate reductase activity in burley tobacco increased significantly, but the NO3-N content decreased. These treatments also yielded significant reductions in NO3-N and TSNA contents. Therefore, we suggest that treatment with Mo during the fast-growth period and a Mo-Gfo (Mo-glufosinate) combination at the maturity stage is an effective strategy for decreasing nitrate and TSNAs during cultivation.

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Glutamine Synthetase Activity, Ammonium Accumulation and Growth of Callus Cultures of Asparagus officinalis L. Exposed to High Ammonium or Phosphinothricin

Cited by 12 publications

References 22 publications

Protein synthesis inhibitors accelerate the postharvest senescence of asparagus and induce tiprot

Protein synthesis inhibitors accelerate the postharvest senescence of asparagus and induce tiprot

Herbicidal Actions of Root-Applied Glufosinate Ammonium on Tomato Plants

Difference between Burley Tobacco and Flue-Cured Tobacco in Nitrate Accumulation and Chemical Regulation of Nitrate and TSNA Contents

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