Glutamine Supplementation Decreases Intestinal Permeability and Preserves Gut Mucosa Integrity in an Experimental Mouse Model

Santos, Rosana das Graças Carvalho dos; Viana, Mirelle Lomar; Generoso, S.V.; Arantes, Rosa Esteves; Correia, María Isabel Toulson Davisson; Cardoso, Valbert Nascimento

doi:10.1177/0148607110362530

Cited by 59 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Evidence points to the importance of fiber, its metabolites, and other dietary components (106,(109)(110)(111) in maintaining a healthy gut barrier (112,113) and intestinal microbiome (114) to prevent diet-induced chronic inflammation and insulin resistance (84,106,115). The consequence of poor nutrition is a condition termed "leaky gut," in which fragments of gram-negative bacteria (LPS aka endotoxin) pass through the gut into systemic circulation, leading to chronic inflammation (106,116,117).…”

Section: Gut Wall Integritymentioning

confidence: 99%

A multicomponent nutrient bar promotes weight loss and improves dyslipidemia and insulin resistance in the overweight/obese: chronic inflammation blunts these improvements

McCann¹,

Shigenaga²,

Mietus‐Snyder³

et al. 2015

The FASEB Journal

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This study determined if twice-daily consumption of a nutrient-dense bar intended to fill gaps in Western diets, without other dietary/lifestyle requirements, favorably shifted metabolic/anthropometric indicators of dysregulation in a healthy direction. Three 8-wk clinical trials in 43 healthy lean and overweight/obese (OW/OB) adults, who served as their own controls, were pooled for analysis. In less inflamed OW/OB [highsensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) <1.5], statistically significant decreases occurred in weight (21.1 6 0.5 kg), waist circumference (23.1 6 1.4 cm), diastolic blood pressure (24.1 6 1.6 mmHg), heart rate [HR; 24.0 6 1.7 beats per minute (bpm)], triglycerides (272 6 38.2 mg/dl), insulin resistance (homeostatic model of insulin resistance) (20.72 6 0.3), and insulin (22.8 6 1.3 mU/L); an increase in HDL-2b (+303 6 116 nM) and realignment of LDL lipid subfractions toward a less atherogenic profile [decreased small LDL IIIb (244 6 23.5 nM), LDL IIIa (299 6 43.7 nM), and increased large LDL I (+66 6 28.0 nM)]. In the more inflamed OW/OB (hsCRP >1.5), inflammation was reduced at 2 wk (20.66 mg/L), and HR at 8 wk (23.4 6 1.3 bpm). The large HDL subfraction (10.5-14.5 nm) increased at 8 wk (+346 6 126 nM). Metabolic improvements were also observed in lean participants. Thus, favorable changes in measures of cardiovascular health, insulin resistance, inflammation, and obesity were initiated within 8 wk in the OW/OB by replacing deficiencies in Western diets without requiring other dietary or lifestyle modifications; chronic inflammation blunted most improvements. , fiber, and plant polyphenolics (1-4), is a major cause of the increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide (5-7). Such diets directly contribute to the metabolic dysregulation that usually accompanies obesity (8)(9)(10)(11) and is also present in ;25% of lean individuals (12, 13). Metabolic dysregulation includes chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress (14, 15). Several metabolic abnormalities, together with visceral adiposity and high blood pressure (BP), are collectively termed "the metabolic syndrome" (11, 16). Various aspects of metabolic dysregulation have been shown to be independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes, and putative risk factors for the many other obesityassociated diseases including cancer, autoimmune disorders, asthma, and neurodegenerative conditions (17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22).Because poor diets are a root cause of these health problems, an obvious approach to the obesity epidemic would be to improve dietary habits. However, changing dietary patterns is difficult for many people to initiate and sustain (23-25).Abbreviations: aka, also known as; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; bpm, beats per minute; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; HDL-L, large HDL subfraction; HDLPs, total HDL subfractions; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model of insulin resistance; HPMC, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose; HR, ...

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Section: Gut Wall Integritymentioning

confidence: 99%

A multicomponent nutrient bar promotes weight loss and improves dyslipidemia and insulin resistance in the overweight/obese: chronic inflammation blunts these improvements

McCann¹,

Shigenaga²,

Mietus‐Snyder³

et al. 2015

The FASEB Journal

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“…The results were expressed as count per min/g of tissue. 8,9,10,17 Intestinal Secretory Immunoglobulin A…”

Section: Bacterial Translocationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 Recent studies have shown the capability of these nutrients to reduce bacterial translocation and gut permeability. [8][9][10] Nonetheless, data have not covered the use of citrulline under such conditions to assess its effects on bacterial translocation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pretreatment With Citrulline Improves Gut Barrier After Intestinal Obstruction in Mice

Batista

Nicoli

Martins

et al. 2011

J Parenter Enteral Nutr

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“…Corroborating this viewpoint is the finding that combined glutamine and arginine administration is able to decrease pro-inflammatory cytokine production by biopsies from Crohn's patients, this being associated with suppression of NF-κB-and p38/ MAPK-based inflammatory pathways [312]. Although intestinal obstruction is not exactly a chronic inflammatory disease, glutamine supplementation decreases intestinal permeability and preserves gut mucosa integrity in experimental mouse model of intestinal obstruction [313].…”

Section: Physical Exercise Glutamine and Hs Response In Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological regulation of the heat shock response by glutamine: implications for chronic low-grade inflammatory diseases in age-related conditions

Leite

Cruzat

Krause

et al. 2016

Nutrire

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Aging is an intricate process modulated by different molecular and cellular events, such as genome instability, epigenetic and transcriptional changes, molecular damage, cell death and senescence, inflammation, and metabolic dysfunction. Particularly, protein quality control (chaperone systems) tends to be negatively affected by aging, thus leading to cellular senescence in metabolic tissues and, as a consequence, to the increasing dissemination of inflammation throughout the body. The heat shock (HS) response and its associated expression of the 70 kDa family of heat shock proteins (HSP70), which are anti-inflammatory molecular chaperones, are found to be markedly decreased during muscle inactivity and aging, while evidence supports the loss of HSP70 as a key mechanism which may drive muscle atrophy, contractile dysfunction, and reduced regenerative capacity. In addition, abnormal stress response is linked with higher incidence of neurodegenerative diseases as well as low-grade inflammatory diseases that are associated with physical inactivity and obesity. Therefore, strategies to increase or, at least, to maintain the levels of HSP70, and its accompanying HS response to stress, are key to reduce biological cell dysfunctions that occur in aging. In this sense, physical exercise is of note as it is the most powerful inducer of the HS response, comparable only to heat stress and fever-like conditions. On the other hand, the amino acid L-glutamine, whose production within the skeletal muscle and liberation into the blood stream is dependent on muscle activity, is a potentializer of HSP70 expression and HS response, particularly via its entering in hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). Herein, we discuss the collaborative role of glutamine (and its donors/precursors) and physical exercise (mostly responsible for glutamine release into the circulation) as potential tools to increase HSP70 expression and the HS response in the elderly.

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Glutamine Supplementation Decreases Intestinal Permeability and Preserves Gut Mucosa Integrity in an Experimental Mouse Model

Abstract: GLN had a positive impact on the intestinal barrier by reducing permeability and bacterial translocation to physiologic levels and preserving mucosal integrity.

Cited by 59 publications

References 29 publications

A multicomponent nutrient bar promotes weight loss and improves dyslipidemia and insulin resistance in the overweight/obese: chronic inflammation blunts these improvements

A multicomponent nutrient bar promotes weight loss and improves dyslipidemia and insulin resistance in the overweight/obese: chronic inflammation blunts these improvements

Pretreatment With Citrulline Improves Gut Barrier After Intestinal Obstruction in Mice

Physiological regulation of the heat shock response by glutamine: implications for chronic low-grade inflammatory diseases in age-related conditions

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