Glutamine Reduces Bacterial Translocation after Small Bowel Transplantation in Cyclosporine-Treated Rats

Zhang, W.; Frankel, Wendy L.; Bain, A.; Choi, Dha-Hyun; Klurfeld, David M.; Rombeau, John L.

doi:10.1006/jsre.1995.1025

Cited by 46 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…Adaptation has been shown to be enhanced by proper nutritional orientation, use of growth hormone, glucagon-like hormone infusion, diets rich in fiber, and glutamine (administered both orally and parenterally), and other measures. 17,18,22,28 Supplemental glutamine usage has been shown to have trophic benefits for the intestinal mucosa in different clinical and experimental situations, which prompted its study in SBS. 7,28,29,30 Yang et al (2000), after administering 2 g/kg/day of glutamine by enteral bolus to rats undergoing extensive intestinal resection, did not observe improvement in intestinal adaptation after the 10th day post surgery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17,18,22,28 Supplemental glutamine usage has been shown to have trophic benefits for the intestinal mucosa in different clinical and experimental situations, which prompted its study in SBS. 7,28,29,30 Yang et al (2000), after administering 2 g/kg/day of glutamine by enteral bolus to rats undergoing extensive intestinal resection, did not observe improvement in intestinal adaptation after the 10th day post surgery. 31 Regarding the toxic effect of cyclosporin on the intestinal epithelium, Zhang et al (1995) studied rats undergoing small bowel transplant while using immunosuppression with cyclosporin (15 mg/kg).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They observed reduction of bacterial translocation and increased crypt depth and villi height of the transplanted intestine in the groups that had the glutamine-enriched diet. 28 The study of malnourished rats by Tannuri et al (2000) found that the use of oral diet supplemented with 2% glutamine was significantly more efficient in correcting the alterations of the jejunal crypts than the control regular diet, and the former also improved trophism of intestinal mucosa. 30 Many experimental 4,22 and clinical 32 studies have found beneficial effects in SBS when growth hormone was associated with glutamine, showing it improved the absorption and capacity for adaptation of the remnant intestine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Weight loss and morphometric study of intestinal mucosa in rats after massive intestinal resection: influence of a glutamine-enriched diet

et al. 2004

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Short-bowel syndrome is responsible for significant metabolic alterations that compromise nutritional status. Glutamine is considered an essential nutrient for enterocytes, so beneficial effects from supplementation of the diet with glutamine are hypothesized.PURPOSE: In this study, the effect of a diet enriched with glutamine was evaluated in rats undergoing extensive small bowel resection, with analysis of postoperative weight loss and intestinal morphometrics of villi height, crypt depth, and thickness of the duodenal and remnant jejunal mucosa.METHODS: Three groups of male Wistar rats were established receiving the following diets: with glutamine, without glutamine, and the standard diet of laboratory ration. All animals underwent an extensive small bowel resection, including the ileocecal valve, leaving a remnant jejunum of only 25 cm from the pylorus that was anastomosed lateral-laterally to the ascendant colon. The animals were weighed at the beginning and end of the experiment (20 th postoperative day). Then they were killed and the remnant intestine was removed. Fragments of duodenal and jejunal mucosa were collected from the remnant intestine and submitted to histopathologic exam. The morphometric study of the intestinal mucosa was accomplished using a digital system (KS 300) connected to an optic microscope. Morphometrics included villi height, crypt depth, and the total thickness of intestinal mucosa. RESULTS:The weight loss comparison among the 3 groups showed no significant loss difference. The morphometric studies showed significantly taller duodenal villi in the glutamine group in comparison to the without glutamine group, but not different from the standard diet group. The measurements obtained comparing the 3 groups for villi height, crypt depth, and thickness of the remnant jejunum mucosa were greater in the glutamine-enriched diet group than for the withoutglutamine diet group, though not significantly different from with standard-diet group.CONCLUSIONS: In rats with experimentally produced short-bowel syndrome, glutamine-enrichment of an isonitrogenous test diet was associated with an improved adaptation response by the intestinal mucosa but not reduced weight loss. However, the adaptation response in the group receiving the glutamine-enriched diet was not improved over that for the group fed regular chow.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Weight loss and morphometric study of intestinal mucosa in rats after massive intestinal resection: influence of a glutamine-enriched diet

et al. 2004

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“…Administration of extra glutamine to starved rats, and to rats given total parenteral nutrition (TPN) has been found to have positive effects in several studies, with structural improve-merits in the intestinal wall and reduced bacterial translocation (Inoue et al, 1993). Glutamine has also been shown to counteract damage to the intestinal wall caused by radiation, cytotoxic treatment (Skubitz and Andersson, 1996) or treatment with immunosuppressive agents (Ziegler et al, 1992;Zhang et al, 1995). Sepsis originating from the intestinal tract is a very common clinical problem in severely ill patients, and in both human and animal studies glutamine has been shown to have a protective effect (Gianotti et al, 1995).…”

Section: Glutaminementioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives of glutamine and its derivatives as feed additives for farm animals

Pierzynowski¹,

Sjödin²

1998

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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Glutamine and its derivatives e.g., alpha-ketoglutaric acid (AKG) or ornithine-alpha-ketoglutarate (OKG) are molecules with a central role (via the Krebs cycle) in systemic, intestinal and gut bacterial metabolism. Studies have shown that AKG is a precursor not only of glutamine and arginine, but also of some other keto acids e.g., alpha-ketoisocaproate which in turn is a precursor of hydroxy-methyl-butyrate, which itself is regarded as a protein catabolic protector. Recently it has been postulated that AKG is not only an important energy donor, but that it also functions as an ammonium ion scavenger via transformation to glutamate, ornithine and putrescine and finally to GABA or succinate. Several beneficial effects of AKG have been reported in human medicine e.g., improved patients' recovery following gastrointestinal surgery. On the other hand, is was reported that 100 per cent glutamate metabolism in the first pass in infant pigs' small intestine. In the current presentation we discuss the potential benefits of using glutamine derivatives in human clinical nutrition as well as their role as feed additives in the production of farm animals.KEY WORDS: feed additives, glutamine, alpha-keto-glutarate METABOLIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF GLUTAMINE AND ITS DERIVATIVESIn certain physiological and pathological conditions associated with acute or chronic malnutrition and/or hormonal stress, the human body shows signs of increased protein degradation or decreased protein synthesis, or both (Ahlman et al.,

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“…In a cyclosporin treated model of small bowel transplantation in rats (Zhang et al 1995), supplemental glutamine (a) improved intestinal morphology; and (c) reduced bacterial translocation.…”

Section: Glutamine Supplemented Enteral Nutrition and Experimental DImentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Substrates to Maintain Gut Integrity

1995

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Eicosanoids and the gut mucosa. . 55 n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids and experimental disease models. . 55 Rationale for clinical use of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. . 55 Clinical use of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. . 55 NUCLEOTIDES ,. 56 Metabolism of nucleotides. . 56 Nucleotides and the gut mucosa. . 56 Nucleotides and the gut flora.. . 56 Nucleotides and experimental disease models. . 56 Rationale for clinical use of nucleotides. .

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Glutamine Reduces Bacterial Translocation after Small Bowel Transplantation in Cyclosporine-Treated Rats

Cited by 46 publications

References 0 publications

Weight loss and morphometric study of intestinal mucosa in rats after massive intestinal resection: influence of a glutamine-enriched diet

Weight loss and morphometric study of intestinal mucosa in rats after massive intestinal resection: influence of a glutamine-enriched diet

Perspectives of glutamine and its derivatives as feed additives for farm animals

Novel Substrates to Maintain Gut Integrity

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