Glutamine in the Metabolism of Barley Plants

Yemm, E. W.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1949.tb05128.x

Cited by 32 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The marked decrease in protein has often been observed in excised leaves whether wilted (13,40) or tturgid (41,42,46,48). The concomitant decline in chlorophyll is tundoubtedly PLANT PHYSIOLOGY related to the protein decrease (46).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In tobacco, the increase in asparagiine has been thouight to be (Idie to at de nlovo synthesis associated with amumoniia released 1l oxidative deamination (40,41 ) andcl the samie explaniationl may be applicalble to glutanminle increase in barley (48 A-klthouigh the effects of inctibating excised leaves uind(ler variouis condlitiolns on1 the amino acidl…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in Amino Acid Content of Excised Leaves During Incubation I. The Effect of Water Content of Leaves and Atmospheric Oxygen Level

Thompson¹,

Stewart²,

Morris³

1966

Plant Physiol.

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Simum ary. Excise(d leaves xwere inculbate(1 at various water contenits to dletermince the effect of water statuis on amino acid compositioni. Conisiderable proteoly sis took place dutiring incllbation Nx-ith a resultant increase iI each amino acid in the non-pr-oteill fractioni. However, serine, proline, y-aminobutyric acid and methylcysteine suilfoxide were the only amino aci(ls in which there was an accuimulationl (i.e., net synthesis). Serine showeed a small but conisistenit accutmullationi lastilng for 6 days. Proline showed a greater acculmuilatioln lut this ceased after 2 days.To learn more alout the conitrol of the proliine acctniillation (Iiring xvilting, tuirgid andl wiltedI leaves Nwere inculbated under aerobic and anaerobic conditiolns. The amino aci(I analyses showed that tuirgid leaves did niot accumnutilate proline and( that proline and methylcysteinie sillfoxide acculmuilation wx'as abolished )y naerobliosis. \Vith other amino acids, relative concentrationi changes between wilted and noni-xNilted leaves were less striking than the difference betweeni -aerobic and anaerobic coII-(litiomus.Und ( (diurnal). \Water insuifficieincy in a growing plant resuilts in wilting xxhich has profouind effects (9, 10, 38) on1 photosynthesis (4/7 ), respiration (23) iiucleic acids (8,29 ) and oIn nlitrogen metabolism (2,3,13,26,40,49). In order to iin(lerstanch and possibly control the effects of xvater deficiency on a plant, more nee(ls to be knoNx-n about the effects of dehydration at the cellullar anid suibcelluilar- le-vel THOMPSON ET AL.-AMINO ACIDS DURING WILTING AND ANAEROBIOSIS Materials and MethodsLeaves from greenhouse-grown turnips (Brassica rapa L. var. Shogoin) were used for most experiments. The leaves were excised and the midribs removed. One-half of each of 6 leaves were killed immediately after cutting to serve as controls. The other halves of these 6 leaves were incubated in the various treatments. Half leaf samples obtained in this way were similar in composition when compared on a fresh weight basis. The total amino nitrogen valuies were equivalent (on a fr wt basis) between paired half leaf samples to an average of 3.0 % (6 pairs), whereas the total uncombined amino nitrogen valutes agreed to an average of 2.5 %. The total amount of individual amino acids in comparable samples were equal to within ±5 %. The levels of individual uncombined amino acids in one half leaf sample were within ±10 % of the level in the other half leaf sample, except for valine and tyrosine which were equal to ±+15 % and asparagine to within ±30 %. Although these differences are relatively small, consideration of the effects of treatment has been restricted to changes of at least 20 % for total amino acids and of 100 % for uncombined amino acids.In the first experiment, leaves were dried in light (200 ft-c) at 200 until they had lost 50 % of their fresh weight (1-2 hrs). The leaf samples (6 half leaves) were then rolled loosely and placed in 100 ml bottles which were closed to prevent further water loss. The bottles ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Amino Acid Content of Excised Leaves During Incubation I. The Effect of Water Content of Leaves and Atmospheric Oxygen Level

Thompson¹,

Stewart²,

Morris³

1966

Plant Physiol.

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“…Tbere is already some evidence tbat interconversion of amino-acids is necessary to meet the requirements for the synthesis of tissue protein and otber nitrogenous constituents and may be an important feature of tbe metabolism of nitrogen in tbe young seedling (Yemm, 1949). A more complete account of tbis interconversion bas now been obtained by means of an analysis of tbe nitrogenous constituents of the endosperm and embryo during tbe course of germination.…”

Section: The Relation Between Respiration and The Metabolism Of Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well established that the metabolism of proteins in plant tissues is closely linked with cellular respiration, and some of the mechanisms of this linkage have already been considered (Yemm, 1949). Most of the data so far obtained with barley plants refer to the catabolic systems found in mature detached leaves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Respiration of Barley Plants

1952

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“…As a result of their investigations of potato tissue, Steward andStreet (1946, 1947) suggested that glutamine occupies a key position in the synthesis of protein, and they have fully discussed the potentialities of the amine from this point of view. Yemm (1949) showed that glutamine is an important intermediary in the assimilation and translocation of nitrogen and in the inter-conversion of amino acids in barley. He considered glutamine as occupying a key position in the mechanisms which co-ordinate the metabolism of proteins and carbohydrates with cell respiration.…”

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confidence: 99%

Studies on Striga Senegalensis Iv. In Vitro Culture of Seedlings. Effect of Various Sugars and Glutamine

Okonkwo

1966

American J of Botany

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In Murashige and Skoog's medium it has been shown that except for sucrose, other sugars including mono‐, di‐, and tri‐saccharides can be utilized as carbon sources by Striga seedlings. These include glucose, fructose, mannose, galactose, lactose, xylose, maltose and raffinose. The best seedling growth was recorded at 0.06 m concentration for most of these sugars. Ribose, sorbose, rhamnose, and mannitol were not utilizable carbon sources. Glutamine proved to be an excellent nitrogen source for the seedlings. It satisfied the nitrogen requirements at 400 mg/liter in the absence of inorganic nitrogen in the medium. In the presence of inorganic nitrogen, it supported growth over and above that accountable for by inorganic nitrogen alone.

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Glutamine in the Metabolism of Barley Plants

Cited by 32 publications

References 40 publications

Changes in Amino Acid Content of Excised Leaves During Incubation I. The Effect of Water Content of Leaves and Atmospheric Oxygen Level

Changes in Amino Acid Content of Excised Leaves During Incubation I. The Effect of Water Content of Leaves and Atmospheric Oxygen Level

The Respiration of Barley Plants

Studies on Striga Senegalensis Iv. In Vitro Culture of Seedlings. Effect of Various Sugars and Glutamine

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