Glutamine-enriched diets support muscle glutamine metabolism without stimulating tumor growth

Klimberg, V. Suzanne; Souba, Wiley W.; Salloum, Rabih M.; Plumley, Donald A.; Cohen, Franklin S.; Dolson, David J.; Bland, Kirby I.; Copeland, Edward M.

doi:10.1016/0022-4804(90)90066-b

Cited by 100 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…As muscle depots are the immediate source of glutamine for gut epithelium, glutamine depletion in such conditions may lead to reduced radiation tolerance [11,19]. Additionally, ARIE and related complications such as nausea, vomiting, pain, dysphagia, or odynophagia may further worsen the tolerance of normal tissues to radiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Prevention of acute radiation-induced esophagitis with glutamine in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with radiotherapy: Evaluation of clinical and dosimetric parameters

et al. 2009

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Prevention of acute radiation-induced esophagitis with glutamine in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with radiotherapy: Evaluation of clinical and dosimetric parameters

et al. 2009

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“…Glutamine appears to be an essential amino acid for methylcholanthrene sarcoma growth in rats, but results from two studies indicate that glutamine [92] or glutamine precursor [93] supplementation does not stimulate tumor growth in animal models of fibrosarcomas and Yoshida ascites hepatoma. Theoretical issues remain, however, with regard to the promotion of tumor growth by glutamine [94].…”

Section: Safety Issuesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Glutamine for the gut: Mystical properties or an ordinary amino acid?

Buchman

1999

Curr Gastroenterol Rep

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Glutamine is a nonessential amino acid that can be synthesized from glutamate and glutamic acid by glutamine synthetase. It is the preferred fuel for the small intestine in the rat. Results from animal studies suggest that both glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition and enteral diets may prevent bacterial translocation. This effect may be modulated through the preservation and augmentation of small bowel villus morphology, intestinal permeability, and intestinal immune function. The existing data from studies with humans are less compelling. What, if any, intestinal deficits actually occur during provision of exclusive parenteral nutrition remains unclear. Furthermore, the clinical significance of these changes is largely undefined. Nevertheless, glutamine and glutamine supplementation appear to be important for the normal maintenance of intestinal morphology and function, intestinal adaptation following resection, and prevention of clinical infection related to bacterial translocation. The existing data on the use of parenteral and enteral glutamine for preservation of intestinal morphology and function and prevention of bacterial translocation in humans are reviewed in this article. Pertinent animal data are also described.

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“…In the Gln literature, some studies have found no effect of Gln on tumour growth (e.g. [14,15,30,41]), while others have shown tumour growth inhibition by supplemental Gln (e.g. [10,11,40]).…”

Section: Diet and Tumour Growthmentioning

confidence: 97%

Amino acid nutrition and immune function in tumour-bearing rats: a comparison of glutamine-, arginine- and ornithine 2-oxoglutarate-supplemented diets

et al. 1999

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Dietary supplementation with glutamine (Gln), arginine (Arg) or ornithine 2-oxoglutarate (alpha-ketoglutarate; OKG) has attracted recent attention for the potential to improve anti-cancer immune function. However, since these compounds have not been compared systematically in an internally controlled study, their relative efficacy is difficult to estimate. Buffalo rats were fed on nutritionally complete semi-purified diets supplemented with Gln, Arg or OKG for 14 days after implantation of the Morris hepatoma 7777 (n>/=7 per diet). The control diet was made isonitrogenous and isoenergetic by addition of a mixture of non-essential amino acids. After 14 days, peritoneal macrophages and splenocytes were isolated to determine cell phenotypes, macrophage cytostatic activity and natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity, as well as nitric oxide (NO) and cytokine production. Diet had no effect on tumour weight (1.6+/-0.2 g; n=59). However, rats fed OKG had increased macrophage cytostatic activity and NK cell cytotoxicity (P<0.05). Although enhanced killing ability by NK cells was associated with higher splenocyte NO production (P<0.04), increased cytotoxicity was not inhibited by a specific inhibitor of inducible NO synthase. The proportion of interleukin-2-receptor-positive T cells after stimulation increased in rats fed OKG (P<0.05); however, cytokine production was not affected by diet. None of OKG, Gln or Arg altered tumour growth compared with a control mixture of non-essential amino acids. These results suggest no net advantage for anti-cancer immunity, but do not preclude benefits in immune responses to disease recurrence or metastasis, therapy or secondary infection.

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Glutamine-enriched diets support muscle glutamine metabolism without stimulating tumor growth

Cited by 100 publications

References 15 publications

Prevention of acute radiation-induced esophagitis with glutamine in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with radiotherapy: Evaluation of clinical and dosimetric parameters

Prevention of acute radiation-induced esophagitis with glutamine in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with radiotherapy: Evaluation of clinical and dosimetric parameters

Glutamine for the gut: Mystical properties or an ordinary amino acid?

Amino acid nutrition and immune function in tumour-bearing rats: a comparison of glutamine-, arginine- and ornithine 2-oxoglutarate-supplemented diets

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