Glutamine Enhances Tight Junction Protein Expression and Modulates Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Signaling in the Jejunum of Weanling Piglets ,

Wang, Hao; Zhang, Chen; Wu, Guoyao; Sun, Yi; Wang, Bin; He, Bo; Dai, Zhaolai; Wu, Zhenlong

doi:10.3945/jn.114.202515

Cited by 134 publications

(100 citation statements)

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“…Our results are consistent with previous findings (Gallo et al 2014). Obviously, despite supplementation with nutritionally essential AA, reducing dietary CP by a 3-percentage value reduces ADG, feed efficiency, and the final BW of growing pigs because such a diet cannot provide sufficient "nutritionally nonessential AA" (Hou et al 2015;Wang et al 2014Wang et al , 2015aWu et al 2013, Wu 2014). These findings further underscore the important role for synthesizable AA in maintaining growth and development of growing pigs (Wu 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Low-protein diets affect ileal amino acid digestibility and gene expression of digestive enzymes in growing and finishing pigs

et al. 2015

Amino Acids

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The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of dietary crude protein (CP) intake on ileal amino acid digestibilities and expression of genes for digestive enzymes in growing and finishing pigs. In Experiment 1, 18 growing pigs (average initial BW = 36.5 kg) were assigned randomly into one of three treatments (n = 6/treatment group) representing normal (18 % CP), low (15 % CP), and very low (12 % CP) protein intake. In Experiment 2, 18 finishing pigs (average initial BW = 62.3 kg) were allotted randomly into one of three treatments (n = 6/treatment group), representing normal (16 % CP), low (13 % CP) and very low (10 % CP) protein intake. In both experiments, diets with low and very low CP were supplemented with crystalline amino acids to achieve equal content of standardized ileal digestible Lys, Met, Thr, and Trp, and were provided to pigs ad libitum. Daily feed intake, BW, and feed/gain ratios were determined. At the end of each experiment, all pigs were slaughtered to collect pancreas, small-intestine samples, and terminal ileal chymes. Samples were used for determining expression of genes for digestive enzymes and ileal amino acid digestibilities. Growing pigs fed the 12 % CP and 15 % CP diets had lower final body weight (P < 0.01) and ADG (P < 0.0001) when compared with pigs fed the 18 % dietary CP diet. Growing pigs fed with the 12 % CP diet showed higher digestibilities for CP (P < 0.05), DM (P < 0.05), Lys (P < 0.0001), Met (P < 0.01), Cys (P < 0.01), Thr (P < 0.01), Trp (P < 0.05), Val (P < 0.05), Phe (P < 0.05), Ala (P < 0.05), Cys (P < 0.01), and Gly (P < 0.05) than those fed the 18 % CP diet. Finishing pigs fed the 16 % CP diet had a higher (P < 0.01) final body weight than those fed the 10 % CP diet. mRNA levels for digestive enzymes (trypsinogen, chymotrypsin B, and dipeptidases-II and III) differed among the three groups of pigs (P < 0.05), and no difference was noted in the genes expression between control group and lower CP group. These results indicated that a reduction of dietary CP by a six-percentage value limited the growth performance of growing-finishing pigs and that a low-protein diet supplemented with deficient amino acids could reduce the excretion of nitrogen into the environment without affecting weight gain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Low-protein diets affect ileal amino acid digestibility and gene expression of digestive enzymes in growing and finishing pigs

et al. 2015

Amino Acids

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“…The general procedures for real-time RT-PCR analysis were performed as we described (Wang et al 2015). Total RNA was extracted from jejunal tissue samples using Trizol reagent (CWBIO, Beijing, China) and reverse transcribed into cDNA in a volume of 10 μL using a high-capacity cDNA archive kit (TaKaRa, Japan) according to the manufacturer's protocol.…”

Section: Real-time Rt-pcr Analysis Of Mrna Expression Levels For Aa Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary l-leucine supplementation enhances intestinal development in suckling piglets

Sun

et al. 2015

Amino Acids

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L-Leucine is a signaling amino acid in animal metabolism. It is unknown whether supplementing L-leucine to breast-fed neonates may enhance their small-intestinal development. This hypothesis was tested with a piglet model. Seven-day-old sow-reared pigs with an average birth weight of 1.45 kg were assigned randomly to the control or leucine group (n = 30/group). Piglets in the leucine group were orally administrated with 1.4 g L-leucine/kg body weight, whereas piglets in the control group received isonitrogenous L-alanine, twice daily for 14 days. The supplemental L-leucine amounted to 200 % of L-leucine intake from sow's milk by 7-day-old pigs. At the end of the 2-week experiment, tissue samples were collected for determining intestinal morphology, expression of genes for intestinal leucine transporters (real-time RT-PCR and western blot analysis), and plasma metabolites and hormones. L-leucine administration increased (P < 0.05) villus height in the duodenum, an elevated ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the duodenum and ileum, plasma concentrations of leucine, glutamine and asparagine, as well as body-weight gains. mRNA levels for L-leucine transporters (SLC6A14, SLC6A19 and SLC7A9) and the abundance of the ATB(0,+) protein were increased (P < 0.05) but those for SLC7A7 mRNA and the LAT2 protein were decreased (P < 0.05) in the jejunum of leucine-supplemented piglets, compared with the control. Plasma concentrations of ammonia, urea, triglycerides, and growth-related hormones did not differ between the control and leucine groups. Collectively, these results indicate that L-leucine supplementation improves intestinal development and whole-body growth in suckling piglets with a normal birth weight.

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“…53 Further, dietary glutamine and arginine reduce the production of glucocorticoids and, therefore, catabolism in stress conditions. 29,51 Elevated levels of these AA may partly mediate the effect of high protein intake on concentrations of hormones in plasma. 52 Regulation of antioxidative and detoxification reactions NEAA are critical for antioxidative defenses and removal of toxic substances (both xenobiotics and endogenous metabolites) through: (1) synthesis of glutathione from cysteine, glutamate, and glycine; of carnosine from b-alanine and histidine; of creatine from arginine and glycine; and of taurine from cysteine; (2) production of antioxidative enzymes (e.g.…”

Section: Regulation Of Endocrine Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…28 In addition, dietary glutamine enhances intestinal integrity, cell survival, and villus height in association with activation of mTOR cell signaling, while attenuating weaning-induced reduction in occludin, claudin-1, zonula occluden (ZO)-2, and ZO-3 protein abundances. 29 Figure 2 illustrates mechanisms for glutamine to protect intestinal epithelial cells from oxidantor endotoxin-induced injury and death. Furthermore, dietary glutamate activates taste receptor signaling in the gastrointestinal tract.…”

Section: Regulation Of Cell Signaling Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary essentiality of “nutritionally non-essential amino acids” for animals and humans

Hou

Yin

2015

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

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Based on growth or nitrogen balance, amino acids (AA) had traditionally been classified as nutritionally essential (indispensable) or non-essential (dispensable) for animals and humans. Nutritionally essential AA (EAA) are defined as either those AA whose carbon skeletons cannot be synthesized de novo in animal cells or those that normally are insufficiently synthesized de novo by the animal organism relative to its needs for maintenance, growth, development, and health and which must be provided in the diet to meet requirements. In contrast, nutritionally non-essential AA (NEAA) are those AA which can be synthesized de novo in adequate amounts by the animal organism to meet requirements for maintenance, growth, development, and health and, therefore, need not be provided in the diet. Although EAA and NEAA had been described for over a century, there are no compelling data to substantiate the assumption that NEAA are synthesized sufficiently in animals and humans to meet the needs for maximal growth and optimal health. NEAA play important roles in regulating gene expression, cell signaling pathways, digestion and absorption of dietary nutrients, DNA and protein synthesis, proteolysis, metabolism of glucose and lipids, endocrine status, men and women fertility, acid-base balance, antioxidative responses, detoxification of xenobiotics and endogenous metabolites, neurotransmission, and immunity. Emerging evidence indicates dietary essentiality of ''nutritionally non-essential amino acids'' for animals and humans to achieve their full genetic potential for growth, development, reproduction, lactation, and resistance to metabolic and infectious diseases. This concept represents a new paradigm shift in protein nutrition to guide the feeding of mammals (including livestock), poultry, and fish.

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Glutamine Enhances Tight Junction Protein Expression and Modulates Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Signaling in the Jejunum of Weanling Piglets ,

Abstract: Collectively, our results support an important role for l-glutamine in regulating expression of TJPs and CRF in the jejunum of weanling piglets.

Cited by 134 publications

References 58 publications

Low-protein diets affect ileal amino acid digestibility and gene expression of digestive enzymes in growing and finishing pigs

Low-protein diets affect ileal amino acid digestibility and gene expression of digestive enzymes in growing and finishing pigs

Dietary l-leucine supplementation enhances intestinal development in suckling piglets

Dietary essentiality of “nutritionally non-essential amino acids” for animals and humans

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