Glutamine, but not Branched-Chain Amino Acids, Restores Intestinal Barrier Function during Activity-Based Anorexia

L’Huillier, C.; Jarbeau, M.; Achamrah, N.; Belmonte, Liliana; Amamou, A.; Nobis, S.; Goichon, A.; Salameh, É.; Bahlouli, W.; Rego, Jean-Luc do; Déchelotte, Pierre; Coëffier, Moı̈se

doi:10.3390/nu11061348

Cited by 22 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Intestinal barrier alterations in ABA were reported by Jesus et al Colonic histology showed decreased thickness of the muscularis layer in ABA and colonic permeability was increased in ABA compared to control animals, while jejunal permeability was not affected (Jesus et al, 2014 ). ABA mice exhibited increased paracellular permeability and reduced protein synthesis in the colonic mucosa (L'Huillier et al, 2019 ). Oral glutamine supplementation restored colonic paracellular permeability and protein synthesis and increased the mucin-2 mRNA level without affecting body weight (L'Huillier et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Models for Anorexia Nervosa—A Systematic Review

Scharner

Stengel

2021

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted body image which usually leads to low caloric intake and hyperactivity. The underlying mechanism and pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa is still poorly understood. In order to learn more about the underlying pathophysiology of anorexia nervosa and to find further possible treatment options, several animal models mimicking anorexia nervosa have been developed. The aim of this review is to systematically search different databases and provide an overview of existing animal models and to discuss the current knowledge gained from animal models of anorexia nervosa. For the systematic data search, the Pubmed—Medline database, Embase database, and Web of Science database were searched. After removal of duplicates and the systematic process of selection, 108 original research papers were included in this systematic review. One hundred and six studies were performed with rodents and 2 on monkeys. Eighteen different animal models for anorexia nervosa were used in these studies. Parameters assessed in many studies were body weight, food intake, physical activity, cessation of the estrous cycle in female animals, behavioral changes, metabolic and hormonal alterations. The most commonly used animal model (75 of the studies) is the activity-based anorexia model in which typically young rodents are exposed to time-reduced access to food (a certain number of hours a day) with unrestricted access to a running wheel. Of the genetic animal models, one that is of particular interest is the anx/anx mice model. Animal models have so far contributed many findings to the understanding of mechanisms of hunger and satiety, physical activity and cognition in an underweight state and other mechanisms relevant for anorexia nervosa in humans.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Models for Anorexia Nervosa—A Systematic Review

Scharner

Stengel

2021

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…This discrepancy between dietary impact on intestinal permeability and gut barrier components is already documented in the literature 32 while these terms are often used interchangeably. We have previously shown that dietary supplementation by l -Glutamine was able to restore intestinal permeability without changing occludin mRNA levels in mice with activity-based anorexia 33 . We hypothesized that this vulnerability may be the result of microbiota changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling undernutrition with enteropathy in mice

Salameh

Jarbeau

Morel³

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Undernutrition is a global health issue leading to 1 out 5 all deaths in children under 5 years. Undernutrition is often associated with environmental enteric dysfunction (EED), a syndrome associated with increased intestinal permeability and gut inflammation. We aimed to develop a novel murine model of undernutrition with these EED features. Post-weaning mice were fed with low-protein diet (LP) alone or combined with a gastrointestinal insult trigger (indomethacin or liposaccharides). Growth, intestinal permeability and inflammation were assessed. LP diet induced stunting and wasting in post-weaning mice but did not impact gut barrier. We therefore combined LP diet with a single administration of indomethacin or liposaccharides (LPS). Indomethacin increased fecal calprotectin production while LPS did not. To amplify indomethacin effects, we investigated its repeated administration in addition to LP diet and mice exhibited stunting and wasting with intestinal hyperpermeability and gut inflammation. The combination of 3-weeks LP diet with repeated oral indomethacin administration induced wasting, stunting and gut barrier dysfunction as observed in undernourished children with EED. As noninvasive methods for investigating gut function in undernourished children are scarce, the present pre-clinical model provides an affordable tool to attempt to elucidate pathophysiological processes involved in EED and to identify novel therapeutic strategies.

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“…Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in human blood, skeletal muscle, and the free amino acid pool [196]. At the intestinal level, it promotes enterocyte proliferation, regulates tight junction proteins [197], improves intestinal barrier function and reduces intestinal inflammatory response [198]. Glutamine is widely used in sports nutrition; in particular, its supplementation seems to increase muscle glycogen synthesis, reduce ammonia accumulation induced by exercise, and attenuate markers of muscle damage [199].…”

Section: Glutaminementioning

confidence: 99%

Mutual Interactions among Exercise, Sport Supplements and Microbiota

et al. 2019

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The adult gut microbiota contains trillions of microorganisms of thousands of different species. Only one third of gut microbiota are common to most people; the rest are specific and contribute to enhancing genetic variation. Gut microorganisms significantly affect host nutrition, metabolic function, immune system, and redox levels, and may be modulated by several environmental conditions, including physical activity and exercise. Microbiota also act like an endocrine organ and is sensitive to the homeostatic and physiological changes associated with training; in turn, exercise has been demonstrated to increase microbiota diversity, consequently improving the metabolic profile and immunological responses. On the other side, adaptation to exercise might be influenced by the individual gut microbiota that regulates the energetic balance and participates to the control of inflammatory, redox, and hydration status. Intense endurance exercise causes physiological and biochemical demands, and requires adequate measures to counteract oxidative stress, intestinal permeability, electrolyte imbalance, glycogen depletion, frequent upper respiratory tract infections, systemic inflammation and immune responses. Microbiota could be an important tool to improve overall general health, performance, and energy availability while controlling inflammation and redox levels in endurance athletes. The relationship among gut microbiota, general health, training adaptation and performance, along with a focus on sport supplements which are known to exert some influence on the microbiota, will be discussed.

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Glutamine, but not Branched-Chain Amino Acids, Restores Intestinal Barrier Function during Activity-Based Anorexia

Cited by 22 publications

References 66 publications

Animal Models for Anorexia Nervosa—A Systematic Review

Animal Models for Anorexia Nervosa—A Systematic Review

Modeling undernutrition with enteropathy in mice

Mutual Interactions among Exercise, Sport Supplements and Microbiota

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