Glutamine and Glutamate in Ascitic Fluid of Dogs

Hirschberger, Johannes; Goldberg, Michael F.; Sauer, Ursula G.

doi:10.1515/cclm.1993.31.2.103

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…Cancer is often described as being "addicted" to glutamine, given that through glutaminolysis and conversion into α-ketoglutarate it anaplerotically replenishes the TCA cycle for intermediates and electron carriers for energy [53][54][55] or can be used as a nitrogen and carbon source for the synthesis of amino acids, lipids, and nucleotides [45,56]. By replenishing the TCA intermediates with glutamine, intermediates such as citrate or malate can fuel other biosynthetic processes such as lipid synthesis [17,57,58]. In the present study, we observed a switch in substrate oxidation between glutamine and glucose, two critical nutrients tied to cancer metabolism [59].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Reprogramming of Ovarian Cancer Spheroids during Adhesion

Compton

Grieco

Gollamudi

et al. 2022

Cancers

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Ovarian cancer remains a deadly disease and its recurrence disease is due in part to the presence of disseminating ovarian cancer aggregates not removed by debulking surgery. During dissemination in a dynamic ascitic environment, the spheroid cells’ metabolism is characterized by low respiration and fragmented mitochondria, a metabolic phenotype that may not support secondary outgrowth after adhesion. Here, we investigated how adhesion affects cellular respiration and substrate utilization of spheroids mimicking early stages of secondary metastasis. Using different glucose and oxygen levels, we investigated cellular metabolism at early time points of adherence (24 h and less) comparing slow and fast-developing disease models. We found that adhesion over time showed changes in cellular energy metabolism and substrate utilization, with a switch in the utilization of mostly glutamine to glucose but no changes in fatty acid oxidation. Interestingly, low glucose levels had less of an impact on cellular metabolism than hypoxia. A resilience to culture conditions and the capacity to utilize a broader spectrum of substrates more efficiently distinguished the highly aggressive cells from the cells representing slow-developing disease, suggesting a flexible metabolism contributes to the stem-like properties. These results indicate that adhesion to secondary sites initiates a metabolic switch in the oxidation of substrates that could support outgrowth and successful metastasis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Reprogramming of Ovarian Cancer Spheroids during Adhesion

Compton

Grieco

Gollamudi

et al. 2022

Cancers

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“…Similarly, the BCAA valine was elevated in ascites. A study of the amino acid concentrations in ascites fluid and plasma of two dogs with liver cirrhosis was reported, in which only histidine and phenylalanine, of the ten amino acids reported here, displayed an increase in ascites over plasma [38]. It is deemed unlikely that elevated amino acids in ascites are related to their corresponding plasma concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

A Metabolomic Analysis of Cirrhotic Ascites

et al. 2022

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Ascites is a common complication of decompensated liver cirrhosis, and yet relatively little is known about its biochemical composition. We conducted two metabolomic investigations, comparing the profile of ascites from 33 cirrhotic patients and postoperative peritoneal drainage fluid from 33 surgical patients (Experiment 1). The profile of paired ascites and plasma was also compared in 17 cirrhotic patients (Experiment 2). Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry-based metabolomics identified 29 metabolites that significantly characterized ascites fluid, whether postoperative drainage fluid or plasma were used as controls. Ten elevated amino acids (glutamine, proline, histidine, tyrosine, glycine, valine, threonine, methionine, lysine, phenylalanine) and seven diminished lipids (laurate, myristate, palmitate, oleate, vaccenate, stearate, cholesterol) largely comprised the cirrhotic ascites metabolomic phenotype that differed significantly (adjusted p < 0.002 to 0.03) from peritoneal drainage fluid or plasma. The pattern of upregulated amino acids in cirrhotic ascites did not indicate albumin proteolysis by peritoneal bacteria. Bidirectional clustering showed that the more severe the cirrhosis, the lower the lipid concentration in ascitic fluid. The metabolomic compartment of ascites in patients with decompensated cirrhosis is characterized by increased amino acids and decreased lipids. These novel findings have potential relevance for diagnostic purposes.

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“…Table 8-1 outlines the basic differences between fluid types. 54 Interpretation of abdominal fluid characteristics should always be performed in conjunction with serum hematology, serum biochemistry, and urinalysis. Additional fluid analysis could include Gram staining and culture (bacterial infection), measurement of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (renal failure), and triglyceride analysis (lymphatic transport disorders).…”

Section: Laboratory Evaluation and Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ascites

Mansfield¹

2013

Canine and Feline Gastroenterology

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Glutamine and Glutamate in Ascitic Fluid of Dogs

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

Metabolic Reprogramming of Ovarian Cancer Spheroids during Adhesion

Metabolic Reprogramming of Ovarian Cancer Spheroids during Adhesion

A Metabolomic Analysis of Cirrhotic Ascites

Ascites

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