Glutamine alleviates the renal dysfunction associated with gentamicin‐induced acute kidney injury in Sprague–Dawley rats

Abstract

Sepsis is a clinical condition caused by an uncontrolled response to an infection, leading to acute kidney injury (AKI) and an increased risk of mortality. Although life support and antibiotic therapy are available, the mortality rate remains high in patients with sepsis. The present study investigated the therapeutic effect of glutamine on gentamicin-induced acute kidney injury in Sprague-Dawley rats. We randomly grouped 24 male rats to the normal control, AKI (control), glutamine 50 mg/kg, and glutamine 500 mg/kg groups. The dose was administered orally for 14 consecutive days. Rats treated with glutamine 500 mg/kg showed changes in systolic blood pressure. Glutamine increased renal blood flow, creatinine clearance, and the levels of potassium, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and urine osmolality, while reducing the relative excretion of sodium, potassium, urinary sodium, and plasma blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels. In our study, glutamine supplementation reduced gentamicin-induced oxidative stress and increased catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione levels in AKI rats. In addition, glutamine supplementation attenuated the severity of pathological features in this model. Collectively, our results showed that gentamicin has therapeutic potential against gentamicin-induced AKI due to its ability to mitigate the effects of oxidative stress.

Anemonin inhibits sepsis‐induced acute kidney injury via mitigating inflammation and oxidative stress

“…16 Mediating inflammation and OS is regarded as one of the main strategies in treating sepsis-related AKI. 17,18 This article focused on the influence of OS and pro-inflammatory cytokine response post-AKI and explored the inflammatory mechanism of kidney injury. It was found that the natural compound ANE displayed a renal protective function through AMPK/Sirt-1 signaling pathway activation to mitigate OS and inflammatory response.…”

“…Additional methods that may be used to treat sepsis after AKI could include reducing certain metabolites, cytokines, or harmful molecules that affect immunity, as well as avoiding excessive fluid intake and the unnecessary use of catheter insertion 16 . Mediating inflammation and OS is regarded as one of the main strategies in treating sepsis‐related AKI 17,18 . This article focused on the influence of OS and pro‐inflammatory cytokine response post‐AKI and explored the inflammatory mechanism of kidney injury.…”

The Preventive Role of Glutamine Supplementation in Cardiac Surgery-Associated Kidney Injury from Experimental Research to Clinical Practice: A Narrative Review

“…GLN supplementation was protective in gentamicin AKI by increasing catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione levels [82]. GLN administration 30 min before acetaminophen protected renal function [83].…”

“…Experimental studies have shown that administering GLN supplements has significant impacts, particularly in I/R cardiac and renal injury. GLN has been found to maintain myocardial tissue metabolism, ATP levels, and reduced GSH levels [56,60,61,82]. It also stimulates the synthesis of heat shock proteins [56,58,59,66] and replenishes α-KG in the Krebs cycle [8,61].…”

Analysis of microRNA Expression after Glutamine Intervention in Acute Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

“…In addition, there was concomitant damage to renal tubular epithelial cells and blood vessels, as well as a strong inflammatory response [ 6 , 7 ]. Recent studies have found that glutamine, a drug used as a conventional nutritional therapy for AKI, could protect the kidney by reducing oxidative stress [ 8 , 9 ]. Under certain physiological circumstances, glutamine is widely used as a major metabolic fuel for the kidney and immune system [ 10 , 11 ].…”