Glutamic acid decarboxylase-immunoreactive neurons and horseradish peroxidase-labeled projection neurons in the ventral posterior nucleus of the cat and Galago senegalensis

Penny, G.R.; Fitzpatrick, David; Schmechel, D. E.; It, Diamond

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.03-09-01868.1983

Cited by 116 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…It was higher than the tissue average and higher than that over PSDs, but lower than that found over CTT, RL, and RS terminals. Probably, most of the neurons selected for analysis are thalamocortical projection neurons, as GABAergic local circuit neurons in the VPL generally are smaller than the neurons analyzed in the present study (Penny et al, 1983;Spreafico et al, 1983). Glu-LI has also previously been detected in GAD-negative VPL neurons in the cat by preembedding immunohistochemistry .…”

Section: General Comments On Glutamate Immunohistochemistrymentioning

confidence: 60%

“…termiials, whose appearancecorresponds to tet%inals of cortical origin (Jones, 1985;; (3) PSDS (presynaptic dendrites), vesiclecontaining dendritic appendages or dendritic truncs of GABAergic local circuit neuron origin (Penny et al, 1983;Spreafico et al, 1983;Ralston et al, 1988). For each type, the density of gold particles was calculated for eight profiles in each section.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cervicothalamic tract terminals are enriched in glutamate-like immunoreactivity: an electron microscopic double-labeling study in the cat

Broman

Ottersen

1992

J. Neurosci.

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The distribution of glutamate-like immunoreactivity (Glu-LI) in the thalamic ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL) of cats was studied with the EM immunogold technique in order to identify nerve terminal populations that may use glutamate as a neurotransmitter. The investigation was focused on cervicothalamic tract (CTT) terminals, which were labeled by WGA-HRP transported anterogradely from injection sites in the lateral cervical nucleus (LCN). The amount of Glu-LI in different profiles was evaluated quantitatively by counting the number of gold particles and then calculating the areal density of gold particles over different profile types. The highest density of gold particles was found over terminals with morphologic characteristics of terminals of cortical origin (RS terminals), a finding that further supports the glutamatergic nature of these terminals suggested by previous studies. Enrichment of Glu-LI was also found in CTT terminals and in non-peroxidase-labeled terminals with the same morphologic characteristics as CTT terminals (RL terminals). The labeling density over these terminals was about twice the average tissue density of gold particles. The labeling density over large VPL neuronal cell bodies was on average 127%, and that over vesicle-containing dendritic appendages and truncs (presynaptic dendrites) about 80%, of the average tissue density of gold particles. Immunogold labeling with antiserum against glutamine (Gln) indicated low levels of Gln-like immunoreactivity in CTT terminals and a high Glu:Gln ratio as compared to astrocytes and the average Glu:Gln ratio in the VPL. The present findings provide further support for a transmitter role of glutamate in terminals of ascending somatosensory afferents to the VPL, including the CTT. Taken together with previous findings of an enrichment of Glu-LI in terminals of the spinocervical tract (Broman et al., 1990), our results suggest that synaptic transmission in the spinocervicothalamic pathway is dependent on the release of glutamate both at the levels of the LCN and the VPL.

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Section: General Comments On Glutamate Immunohistochemistrymentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cervicothalamic tract terminals are enriched in glutamate-like immunoreactivity: an electron microscopic double-labeling study in the cat

Broman

Ottersen

1992

J. Neurosci.

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“…The GABAergic control of thalamocortical neurons is via local interneurons and the cells of the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] . Earlier studies have shown that in some mammals GABAergic interneurons are absent or only sparse in many thalamic nuclei.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of numbers of interneurons in three thalamic nuclei of normal and epileptic rats

et al. 2014

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The inhibitory sources in the thalamic nuclei are local interneurons and neurons of the thalamic reticular nucleus. Studies of models of absence epilepsy have shown that the seizures are associated with an excess of inhibitory neurotransmission in the thalamus. In the present study, we used lightmicroscopic gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) immunocytochemistry to quantify the interneurons in the lateral geniculate (LGN), ventral posteromedial (VPM), and ventral posterolateral (VPL) thalamic nuclei, and compared the values from normal Wistar rats and genetic absence epilepsy rats from Strasbourg (GAERS). We found that in both Wistar rats and GAERS, the proportion of interneurons was signifi cantly higher in the LGN than in the VPM and VPL. In the LGN of Wistar rats, 16.4% of the neurons were interneurons and in the GAERS, the value was 15.1%. In the VPM, the proportion of interneurons was 4.2% in Wistar and 14.9% in GAERS; in the VPL the values were 3.7% for Wistar and 11.1% for the GAERS. There was no signifi cant difference between Wistar rats and the GAERS regarding the counts of interneurons in the LGN, whereas the VPM and VPL showed significantly higher counts in GAERS.Comparison of the mean areas of both relay cells and interneuronal profiles showed no significant differences between Wistar rats and GAERS. These findings show that in the VPL and the VPM there are relatively more GABAergic interneurons in GAERS than in Wistar rats. This may represent a compensatory response of the thalamocortical circuitry to the absence seizures or may be related to the production of absence seizures.

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“…The lateral geniculate nucleus possesses around 20% of inhibitory interneurons in all species (Barbaresi et al 1986; Benson et al 1992). The somatosensory thalamus and the auditory thalamus possess 20 -25% of inhibitory interneurons in primate and cat (Benson et al 1991; Fitzpatrick et al 1984;Montero 1989;Penny et al 1983; Spreafrico et al 1983) but Ͻ1% in rat Larue 1988, 1996). In the auditory thalamus (medial geniculate nucleus, MG) of rat and cat, an additional source of GABAergic inhibition is directly provided by the sensory inputs coming from the inferior colliculus (Peruzzi et al 1997;Saint Marie et al 1997;.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tonotopic Control of Auditory Thalamus Frequency Tuning by Reticular Thalamic Neurons

Cotillon-Williams¹,

Huetz²,

Hennevin³

et al. 2008

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Cotillon-Williams N, Huetz C, Hennevin E, Edeline J-M. Tonotopic control of auditory thalamus frequency tuning by reticular thalamic neurons. J Neurophysiol 99: 1137-1151, 2008. First published December 26, 2007 doi:10.1152/jn.01159.2007. GABAergic cells of the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) can potentially exert strong control over transmission of information through thalamus to the cerebral cortex. Anatomical studies have shown that the reticulothalamic connections are spatially organized in the visual, somatosensory, and auditory systems. However, the issue of how inhibitory input from TRN controls the functional properties of thalamic relay cells and whether this control follows topographic rules remains largely unknown. Here we assessed the consequences of increasing or decreasing the activity of small ensembles of TRN neurons on the receptive field properties of medial geniculate (MG) neurons. For each MG cell, the frequency tuning curve and the rate-level function were tested before, during, and after microiontophoretic applications of GABA, or of glutamate, in the auditory sector of the TRN. For 66 MG cells tested during potent pharmacological control of TRN activity, group data did not reveal any significant effects. However, for a population of 20/66 cells (all but 1 recorded in the ventral, tonotopic, division), the breadth of tuning, the frequency selectivity and the acoustic threshold were significantly modified in the directions expected from removing, or reinforcing, a dominant inhibitory input onto MG cells. Such effects occurred only when the distance between the characteristic frequency of the recorded ventral MG cell and that of the TRN cells at the ejection site was Ͻ0.25 octaves; they never occurred for larger distances. This relationship indicates that the functional interactions between TRN cells and ventral MG cells rely on precise topographic connections. I N T R O D U C T I O NThe thalamus is often considered as a "gate" for the transfer of information to neocortex. Understanding the key factors controlling this gate has been the subject of intense research, but several points remain unresolved. The reticular nucleus of the thalamus (TRN) has a key anatomical position and chemical composition to modulate thalamocortical activity. It receives inputs from both thalamus and cortex and sends outputs back to the thalamus (Jones 1975). Exclusively composed of GABAergic neurons (Arcelli et al. 1997; Benson et al. 1991;Houser et al. 1980), it is a major source of inhibition for all thalamic nuclei . In some species and for some sensory modalities, it is the quasi-exclusive source of inhibition in the thalamus, whereas in others it shares this role with local inhibitory interneurons (reviewed in Jones 1985; Sherman and Guillery 2001). The lateral geniculate nucleus possesses around 20% of inhibitory interneurons in all species (Barbaresi et al. 1986; Benson et al. 1992). The somatosensory thalamus and the auditory thalamus possess 20 -25% of inhibitory interneurons in primate and cat (Benson e...

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Glutamic acid decarboxylase-immunoreactive neurons and horseradish peroxidase-labeled projection neurons in the ventral posterior nucleus of the cat and Galago senegalensis

Cited by 116 publications

References 44 publications

Cervicothalamic tract terminals are enriched in glutamate-like immunoreactivity: an electron microscopic double-labeling study in the cat

Cervicothalamic tract terminals are enriched in glutamate-like immunoreactivity: an electron microscopic double-labeling study in the cat

Comparison of numbers of interneurons in three thalamic nuclei of normal and epileptic rats

Tonotopic Control of Auditory Thalamus Frequency Tuning by Reticular Thalamic Neurons

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