Glutamate Uptake and Transporters

Danbolt, N; Holmseth, Silvia; Skår, Aud Ragnhild; Lehre, Knut P.; Furness, David N.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-8959-8_3

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…Dihydrokainate inhibits uptake (open squares) but is also able to block reversal because it is a non-transportable substrate as illustrated by the addition of both nigericin and dihydrokainate (open triangles). Data from the same material as in [ 224 ]). Copyright: The figure was reproduced from Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstitution of GABA, Glycine and Glutamate Transporters

2021

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In contrast to water soluble enzymes which can be purified and studied while in solution, studies of solute carrier (transporter) proteins require both that the protein of interest is situated in a phospholipid membrane and that this membrane forms a closed compartment. An additional challenge to the study of transporter proteins has been that the transport depends on the transmembrane electrochemical gradients. Baruch I. Kanner understood this early on and first developed techniques for studying plasma membrane vesicles. This advanced the field in that the experimenter could control the electrochemical gradients. Kanner, however, did not stop there, but started to solubilize the membranes so that the transporter proteins were taken out of their natural environment. In order to study them, Kanner then had to find a way to reconstitute them (reinsert them into phospholipid membranes). The scope of the present review is both to describe the reconstitution method in full detail as that has never been done, and also to reveal the scientific impact that this method has had. Kanner’s later work is not reviewed here although that also deserves a review because it too has had a huge impact.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstitution of GABA, Glycine and Glutamate Transporters

2021

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“…However, Glu could play additional roles in the healthy brain. Indeed, over the last nine decades, science has repeatedly underestimated the functional diversity of Glu. , Notably, the evolutionary history of Glu is one of rich and astonishing diversity . Glu occurs in species that are extraordinarily distantsuch as bacteria and humansevidencing a biologic role that predates the divergence of prokaryotes and eukaryotes 2.7 billion years ago. , Glu-like receptors also occur in plants and animals, indicating a common ancestry ∼1.6 billion years ago. − Glu is thus ancient and phylogenetically ubiquitous, providing an opportunity for the evolution of multiple, distinct functions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Glutamate Dynamics Predict Positive Agency in Healthy Women: Insights from Combined Application of Pharmacological Challenge, Comprehensive Affective Assessment, and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

White,

Gonsalves,

Harris

et al. 2024

ACS Chem. Neurosci.

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Contributions of brain glutamate (Glu) to conscious emotion are not well understood. Here, we evaluate the relationship of experimentally induced change in neocortical Glu (ΔGlu) and subjective states in well individuals, using combined application of pharmacological challenge, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and comprehensive affective assessment. Drug challenge with Damphetamine (AMP) (20 mg oral), methamphetamine (MA) (Desoxyn, 20 mg oral), and placebo (PBO) was conducted on three separate test days in a within-subjects double blind design. Proton MRS quantified neurometabolites in the right dorsal anterior cingulate cortex 140−150 min post-drug and PBO. Subjective states were assessed at half hour intervals over 5.5 h on each session, yielding 3792 responses per participant (91,008 responses overall, N = 24 participants), with self-reports reduced by principal components analysis (PCA). PCA produced a primary factor score of AMPand MA-induced positive agency (ΔPA). MRS indicated drug-induced ΔGlu related positively to ΔPA (ΔGlu MA r = +0.44, p < 0.05, N = 21), with large effects in females (ΔGlu MA r = +0.52, p < 0.05; ΔGlu AMP r = +0.61, p < 0.05, N = 11). Subjective states related to ΔGlu included rise in subjective stimulation, vigor, friendliness, elation, positive mood, positive affect (r's = +0.51 to +0.74, p < 0.05), and alleviation of anxiety in females (r = −0.61, p < 0.05, N = 11). These self-reports correlated with ΔGlu to the extent they loaded on ΔPA (r = 0.95 AMP, p = 5 × 10 −10 ; r = 0.63 MA, p = 0.0015, N = 11), indicating the coherence of ΔGlu effects on emotional states. Timing data indicated Glu shaped positive emotion both concurrently and prospectively, with no relationship with pre-MRS emotion (ΔGlu AMP r = +0.59 to +0.65, p's < 0.05; ΔGlu MA r = +0.53, p < 0.05, N = 11). Together these findings indicate substantive, mechanistic contributions of neocortical Glu to positive agentic states in healthy individuals, which are most readily observed in women. The findings illustrate the promise of combined application of pharmacological challenge, comprehensive affective assessment, and MRS neuroimaging techniques in basic and clinical studies.

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“…Glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST) is expressed throughout the central nervous system, and is highly expressed in astrocytes and Bergmann glia in the cerebellum [14] . Previous studies show that the up-regulation of GLAST is closed related with the development of epilepsy [14,15] . However, the specific roles of UCA1 on GLAST during the pathological changes of TLE is still unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LncRNA-UCA1 inhibits the astrocyte activation in the temporal lobe epilepsy via regulating JAK/STAT signaling pathway

Wang

Yao

et al. 2019

Preprint

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This article aimed to reveal the mechanism of Urothelial cancer associated 1 (UCA1) regulated astrocyte activation in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) rats via JAK/STAT signaling pathway. A model of TLE was established based on rats via kainic acid (KA) injection. All rats were divided into sham group, KA group, normal control (NC) + KA group and UCA1 + KA group. The Morris water maze was used to test the learning and memory ability of rats, and the expression of UCA1 in hippocampus was determined by qRT-PCR. Surviving neurons were counted by Nissl staining, and expression of glial cells glial fibrillary acidic protein, p-JAK1, and p-STAT and glutamate/aspartate transporter (GLAST) was analyzed by immunofluorescence and Western blot. A rat model of TLE was established by intraperitoneal injection of KA. QRT-PCR and fluorescence study showed that UCA1 inhibited astrocyte activation in hippocampus of epileptic rats. Meanwhile, the MWM analysis indicated that UCA1 improved the learning and memory in epilepsy rats. Moreover, the Nissl staining showed that UCA1 might has protective effect on neuronal injury induced by KA injection. Furthermore, the immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis revealed that the overexpression of UCA1 inhibited KA-induced abnormal elevation of GLAST, astrocyte activation of JAK/STAT signaling pathway, as well as hippocampus of epilepsy rats. UCA1 inhibited hippocampal astrocyte activation and GLAST expression in TLE rats via regulating JAK/STAT signaling, and improved the adverse reactions caused by epilepsy.

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Glutamate Uptake and Transporters

Cited by 9 publications

References 117 publications

Reconstitution of GABA, Glycine and Glutamate Transporters

Reconstitution of GABA, Glycine and Glutamate Transporters

Brain Glutamate Dynamics Predict Positive Agency in Healthy Women: Insights from Combined Application of Pharmacological Challenge, Comprehensive Affective Assessment, and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

LncRNA-UCA1 inhibits the astrocyte activation in the temporal lobe epilepsy via regulating JAK/STAT signaling pathway

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