2006
DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.10.6695
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Glutamate Released by Dendritic Cells as a Novel Modulator of T Cell Activation

Abstract: Adaptive immune responses begin after productive immunosynaptic contacts formation established in secondary lymphoid organs by dendritic cells (DC) presenting the Ag to T lymphocytes. Despite its resemblance to the neurosynapse, the participation of soluble small nonpeptidic mediators in the intercellular cross-talk taking place during T cell–DC interactions remains poorly studied. In this study, we show that human DC undergoing maturation and in contact with T cells release significant amounts of glutamate, w… Show more

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Cited by 133 publications
(134 citation statements)
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“…Traditionally, it has been thought that the functions of immune cells such as T cells and DCs are regulated mainly by cytokines. However, a number of more recent studies have shown that immune system cells can also be regulated by neurotransmitters (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11). Consistent with this, both primary and secondary lymphoid organs are highly innervated by sympathetic ends that store dopamine (DA) (12,13).…”
Section: Endritic Cells (Dcs) Are the Most Efficient Type Of Apcsmentioning
confidence: 73%
“…Traditionally, it has been thought that the functions of immune cells such as T cells and DCs are regulated mainly by cytokines. However, a number of more recent studies have shown that immune system cells can also be regulated by neurotransmitters (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11). Consistent with this, both primary and secondary lymphoid organs are highly innervated by sympathetic ends that store dopamine (DA) (12,13).…”
Section: Endritic Cells (Dcs) Are the Most Efficient Type Of Apcsmentioning
confidence: 73%
“…Bar, 10 m. C, ultrastructural characterization of human isolated islets exposed to elevated glutamate concentration. an inverted ␤-cell/␣-cell ratio and glucagon hypersecretion (30,42,43) and also during "insulitis" in T1DM islets because dendritic and T cells can release glutamate (44,45). Of note, changes in glutamate concentration in the islet have been reported in response to high glucose (46), and increased glutamate levels have been found in sera of subjects with both T1DM (47) and T2DM (48).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…106 In addition, glutamate can augment the production of cytokines by lymphocytes, as well as their migratory ability. 107,108 GABA receptors appear to have an inhibitory function on immune responses in a subset of lymphocytes, 109 but may also increase pathogen clearance by macrophages. 110 Receptors for glutamate and GABA can act as targets for autoantibodies, resulting in symptoms associated with those often seen in ASD.…”
Section: Neurotransmittersmentioning
confidence: 99%