Glutamate-Related Antibodies and Peripheral Insulin-Like Growth Factor in Bipolar Disorder and Lithium Prophylaxis

Ferensztajn‐Rochowiak, Ewa; Kaczmarek, Mariusz; Wójcicka, Marlena; Kaufman-Szukalska, Elzbieta; Dziuda, Sebastian; Remlinger-Molenda, Agnieszka; Szeliga-Neymann, Agnieszka; Losy, Jacek; Rybakowski, Janusz

doi:10.1159/000493740

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…It seems that in female patients, longterm lithium administration may exert an immunomodulatory effect. In our recent study, we found significantly lower levels of antiglutamate antibodies (anti-NMDAR and anti-GAD) in lithium-treated bipolar patients compared to bipolar subjects during acute episode and immediate remission after the episode [15]. We also observed that long-term treatment with lithium might suppress the activation of regenerative processes by reducing the number of VSELs (very small embryonic-like stem cells) and attenuate inflammatory processes reflected by the higher expression of pluripotency and glial markers in the peripheral blood of bipolar patients [16].…”

Section: Lithium-treatedmentioning

confidence: 85%

No Connection between Long-Term Lithium Treatment and Antithyroid Antibodies

et al. 2019

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Introduction The studies on the effect of lithium treatment on antithyroid antibodies showed either a higher concentration of these antibodies in patients receiving lithium compared to those lithium-naive or no difference between these groups. In lithium-treated bipolar patients, some researchers pointed to an association between antithyroid antibodies and other features of thyroid dysfunction such as hypothyroidism and decrease of glomerular filtration rate. Methods We compared antithyroid antibodies in 98 patients (30 male, 68 female) with bipolar disorder, aged 62±13 years, who received lithium for 19±10 years to 39 patients (12 male, 27 female), aged 57±10 years, who were never treated with lithium. The antibodies against thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb), against thyroglobulin (TGAb), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors (TSHRAb) were estimated. Results No difference in the percentages of antibodies occurrence was found between groups, although the concentrations of TGAb were higher in patients receiving lithium. In lithium-treated patients, the presence of TPOAb was associated with lower concentrations of free triiodothyronine and the presence of TGAb, with higher concentrations of TSH. In females, the levels of TGAb were associated with lower thyroid volume. The concentrations of TPOAb correlated positively with the duration of lithium therapy in males, and those of TPOAb and TGAb negatively, with such duration, in female patients. Conclusion The results obtained showed no significant connection between long-term lithium treatment and antithyroid antibodies. In bipolar patients receiving lithium longitudinally, antithyroid antibodies can be associated with some indexes of thyroid function. However, they behave differently in male and female patients.

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Section: Lithium-treatedmentioning

confidence: 85%

No Connection between Long-Term Lithium Treatment and Antithyroid Antibodies

et al. 2019

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“…In particular, the rapid cycling BD subtype is associated with thyroidperoxidase-antibodies ( Snijders et al., 2019 ). Serum levels of antibodies such as NMDAR antibodies also play a key role in the development of an acute manic, untreated mood state ( Ferensztajn-Rochowiak et al., 2019 ). Surprisingly, mania-like symptoms such as euphoria may often be the first symptom in patients with NMDAR encephalitis, as indicated in a recent study by Restrepo-Martinez (2019), thus screening for NMDAR-antibodies is clinically relevant in patients presenting an acute onset of mania combined with a psychopathology characterized by a strong sense of delight and a lack of inhibition.…”

Section: Psychiatric Symptoms and Syndromes Associated With Autoantibodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoantibody-associated psychiatric symptoms and syndromes in adults: A narrative review and proposed diagnostic approach

Hansen

Lipp

Vogelgsang

et al. 2020

Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health

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Background Autoimmune-mediated encephalitis is a disease that often encompasses psychiatric symptoms as its first clinical manifestation’s predominant and isolated characteristic. Novel guidelines even distinguish autoimmune psychosis from autoimmune encephalitis. The aim of this review is thus to explore whether a wide range of psychiatric symptoms and syndromes are associated or correlate with autoantibodies. Methods We conducted a PubMed search to identify appropriate articles concerning serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) autoantibodies associated with psychiatric symptoms and syndromes between 2000 and 2020. Relying on this data, we developed a diagnostic approach to optimize the detection of autoantibodies in psychiatric patients, potentially leading to the approval of an immunotherapy. Results We detected 10 major psychiatric symptoms and syndromes often reported to be associated with serum and/or CSF autoantibodies comprising altered consciousness, disorientation, memory impairment, obsessive-compulsive behavior, psychosis, catatonia, mood dysfunction, anxiety, behavioral abnormalities (autism, hyperkinetic), and sleeping dysfunction. The following psychiatric diagnoses were associated with serum and/or CSF autoantibodies: psychosis and schizophrenia spectrum disorders, mood disorders, minor and major neurocognitive impairment, obsessive-compulsive disorder, autism spectrum disorders (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety disorders, eating disorders and addiction. By relying on these symptom clusters and diagnoses in terms of onset and their duration, we classified a subacute or subchronic psychiatric syndrome in patients that should be screened for autoantibodies. We propose further diagnostics entailing CSF analysis, electroencephalography and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. Exploiting these technologies enables standardized and accurate diagnosis of autoantibody-associated psychiatric symptoms and syndromes to deliver early immunotherapy. Conclusions We have developed a clinical diagnostic pathway for classifying subgroups of psychiatric patients whose psychiatric symptoms indicate a suspected autoimmune origin.

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“…Although ASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders are not typically considered as autoimmune diseases, autoantibodies, or antibodies that bind to self-antigens, have been detected in the sera of patients with ASD, ADHD, bipolar affective disorder and schizophrenia (22). Autoantibodies against known targets have been linked to the development of behavioral symptoms in these disorders, for example anti-dopamine transporter autoantibodies have been related with severity and recovery in ADHD, antibodies against myelin basic protein (MBP) have higher titers in patients with negative symptoms in schizophrenia or N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) and glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD) antibodies have been associated with acute maniac episodes in bipolar disorder (23–25). The best-studied example are autoantibodies directed against the NMDAR in a condition known as anti-NMDAR encephalitis, characterized by the development of psychosis, cognitive problems and seizures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antigenic Targets of Patient and Maternal Autoantibodies in Autism Spectrum Disorder

2019

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose behavioral symptoms become apparent in early childhood. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are only partially understood and the clinical manifestations are heterogeneous in nature, which poses a major challenge for diagnosis, prognosis and intervention. In the last years, an important role of a dysregulated immune system in ASD has emerged, but the mechanisms connecting this to a disruption of brain development are still largely unknown. Although ASD is not considered as a typical autoimmune disease, self-reactive antibodies or autoantibodies against a wide variety of targets have been found in a subset of ASD patients. In addition, autoantibodies reactive to fetal brain proteins have also been described in the prenatal stage of neurodevelopment, where they can be transferred from the mother to the fetus by transplacental transport. In this review, we give an extensive overview of the antibodies described in ASD according to their target antigens, their different origins, and timing of exposure during neurodevelopment.

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Glutamate-Related Antibodies and Peripheral Insulin-Like Growth Factor in Bipolar Disorder and Lithium Prophylaxis

Cited by 15 publications

References 50 publications

No Connection between Long-Term Lithium Treatment and Antithyroid Antibodies

No Connection between Long-Term Lithium Treatment and Antithyroid Antibodies

Autoantibody-associated psychiatric symptoms and syndromes in adults: A narrative review and proposed diagnostic approach

Antigenic Targets of Patient and Maternal Autoantibodies in Autism Spectrum Disorder

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