Glutamate-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor modulation and minocycline for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia: an update

Chaves, Carolina de Andrade Lima; Marque, Cristiane Reberte de; Trzesniak, Clarissa; Sousa, João Paulo Machado de; Zuardi, Antônio Waldo; Crippa, José Alexandre S; Dursun, Serdar; Hallak, Jaime E. C.

doi:10.1590/s0100-879x2009001100002

Cited by 48 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Glycine, along with D-serine and D-alanine, are classified as full agonists of the glycine receptor, while D-cycloserine acts as an agonist in small doses and an antagonist at higher doses. [6] Glycine is the simplest non-essential amino acid in chemical structure and has hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic modes of action. It is an endproduct from the metabolism of sarcosine, and is also involved in the synthesis of purines, serines and glutathione (GSH).…”

Section: Nmda Receptors and Glycinementioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Adjunctive NMDA Receptor Modulators in Chronic Schizophrenia

2011

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Section: Nmda Receptors and Glycinementioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Adjunctive NMDA Receptor Modulators in Chronic Schizophrenia

2011

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“…However, infusion of NIT appears to reduce acute symptoms of schizophrenic patients, including agitation, and nitric oxide donor substances (such as NIT) might improve cognitive deficits. These findings justify the theory of neurodevelopment, suggesting that a decrease in nitric oxide production in the cortical areas could contribute to changes in neuronal development, dysfunction of neural circuits and impaired cognitive functioning (MacKay, Cetin, Baker & Dursun, 2010;Chaves et al, 2009). The use of NIT in schizophrenia as an alternative therapy remains under study and has not been approved by any regulatory agency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Nitric oxide mediates the release of neurotransmitters and participates in the learning process, memory and brain development Chaves et al, 2009). Whereas nitric oxide irregularities were not found in schizophrenia, this molecule is associated with the glutamatergic pathway and, more specifically, with NMDA (Nmethyl-D-aspartate) hypoactivation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<b>New drugs for the treatment of agitation in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of inhaled loxapine and infused sodium nitroprusside

Tonin¹,

Piazza²,

Borba³

et al. 2017

Acta Sci. Health Sci.

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ABSTRACT. The use of novel drugs such as inhaled loxapine (LOXi) for schizophrenia and the off-label use of substances such as sodium nitroprusside (NIT) for the management of mental disorders require further investigation. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of LOXi and NIT for the treatment of agitation associated with schizophrenia. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the use of LOXi or NIT versus placebo or other antipsychotic agents was conducted, and we evaluated the efficacy (CGI-scale) and safety (adverse events) of the therapies. Altogether, 71 studies were identified, of which 2 (LOXi) were included in the meta-analysis, and 1 (NIT) was included in the systematic review only. The efficacy data showed superiority of LOXi against placebo, regardless of the dose (5 and 10 mg). No significant differences were observed concerning the safety results. Treatment with NIT showed favorable results, with significant reduction of the symptoms. The efficacy of these medications is difficult to assess because of the lack of RCTs. However, there is some information regarding the efficacy and safety of LOXi in the treatment of agitation in schizophrenic patients.Keywords: antipsychotic agents, mental disorders, evidence-based medicine.Novos fármacos para o tratamento da agitação na esquizofrenia: revisão sistemática e meta-análise da loxapina inalável e nitroprussiato de sódio RESUMO. Fármacos mais recentes como a loxapina inalável (LOXi) para o tratamento da esquizofrenia e o uso off-label de substâncias como o nitroprussiato de sódio (NIT) para o manejo de desordens mentais requerem mais investigações. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar eficácia e segurança da LOXi e do NIT para tratamento da agitação na esquizofrenia. Foi realizada revisão sistemática de ensaios clínicos randomizados (ECR) comparando o uso de LOXi ou NIT versus placebo ou outros antipsicóticos. Foram avaliados desfechos de eficácia (escala CGI-I) e segurança (eventos adversos). Ao todo 71 estudos foram identificados, dos quais dois foram incluídos nas meta-análises (ambos da LOXi) e 1 sobre NIT foi incluído somente na revisão sistemática. Os dados de eficácia demonstraram superioridade da LOXi frente ao placebo, independente das doses avaliadas (5 ou 10 mg). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os resultados de segurança com o controle. O único estudo incluído sobre o NIT mostrou resultados favoráveis, com redução significativa dos sintomas. Apesar da carência de ECR com esses fármacos dificultar a determinação e a reunião de informações, há potenciais evidências de eficácia e segurança da LOXi no tratamento da agitação em pacientes com esquizofrenia.Palavras-chave: antipsicóticos, transtornos mentais, medicina baseada em evidências.

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“…Eine Reihe kleinerer Studien zeigte bei Manipulation dieses Rezeptors Verbesserungen vor allem im Bereich der Negativsymptomatik und der Neurokognition. In diesen Studien wurden D-Serin, D-Cycloserin und Glycin als add-on Medikation zur laufenden antipsychotischen Medikation verabreicht[36].…”

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Neue Ansätze in der pharmakologischen Behandlung der Schizophrenie

Biedermann

Fleischhacker

2011

psychiatr. psychother.

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The pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia is mainly based on the pharmacological mechanisms of a dopamine/5-HT antagonism. New approaches have emerged in the post decade. On one hand the field is in need of effective agents against negative symptoms and cognitive deficits and on the other hand safer substances are being explored. We will briefly review new mechanisms for which clinical data are available and have organized them according to the receptor systems they are targeting. Subsequently, we discuss alternative approaches which do not act on specific receptor systems but show a neuroprotective or neurotrophic effect and may be the first preventional treatment options for schizophrenia.Zusammenfassung: Die pharmakologische Behandlung der Schizophrenie basiert derzeit, mit der Ausnahme von Aripiprazol, auf der Antagonisierung dopaminerger und serotonerger Neuronen. In letzter Zeit rücken alternative pharmakologische Ansätze immer mehr in den Mittelpunkt des wissenschaftlichen Interesses, um einerseits die nach wie vor schwer zu behandelnden Negativsymptome und kognitiven Defizite therapieren zu können und andererseits Nebenwirkungen, die durch herkömmliche Substanzen verursacht werden, verringern zu können. Wir stellen in diesem Artikel neue Medikamente vor, zu denen es schon klinische Daten gibt, und teilen diese nach Rezeptorsystemen ein, an denen sie ansetzen. Im Anschluss diskutieren wir auch Alternativansätze, die keine spezifischen Rezeptorsysteme bedienen, sondern eher neuroprotektiv bzw. neurotroph wirken und mögli-cherweise erste Präventionsmöglichkeiten oder supportive Therapiestrategien darstellen.

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Glutamate-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor modulation and minocycline for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia: an update

Cited by 48 publications

References 60 publications

Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Adjunctive NMDA Receptor Modulators in Chronic Schizophrenia

Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Adjunctive NMDA Receptor Modulators in Chronic Schizophrenia

<b>New drugs for the treatment of agitation in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of inhaled loxapine and infused sodium nitroprusside

Neue Ansätze in der pharmakologischen Behandlung der Schizophrenie

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