Glued-in CFRP and GFRP rods in block laminated timber subjected to monotonic and cyclic loading

Toumpanaki, Eleni; Ramage, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.114201

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, the mechanical interlocking effect in the bond mechanism is expected to be greater in GFRP rods and shearing off of the external outer layer is favoured in CFRP rods, as experimentally observed. Similar failure modes in CFRP rods were observed in Corradi et al (2015) for near surface mounted systems in chestnut and fir specimens and in Toumpanaki and Ramage (2021) in block laminated spruce timber specimens tested with the 'pull-compression' method.…”

Section: (C))supporting

confidence: 65%

“…The cyclic loading regime was based on the failure loads of specimens under monotonic tensile loading. For the C_50 and G_50 groups the reference failure load (Frult,mon =15.9 kN and 14.2 kN respectively) was derived from similar specimens tested with the 'pull-compression' method (Toumpanaki and Ramage 2021). A deviation of up to 4.1% in the pull-out failure loads for Lb/D<10 was initially expected between the two different experimental methods as reported by Gustafsson and Serrano (2002) for steel rods glued-in glulam.…”

Section: Experimental Programmementioning

confidence: 85%

“…GFRP and CFRP rods were studied only for the 50 mm bonded length. This enabled comparison of bond strength values between 'pull-pull ' and 'pull-compression' tests carried out in Toumpanaki and Ramage (2021) for the same bonded length (50 mm) and material parameters (GFRP and CFRP rods, epoxy and timber). The experimental programme is summarised in Table 3.…”

Section: Experimental Programmementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A decreasing trend in the tensile stiffness of GFRP rods glued-in glulam has been observed in Ling et al (2018) for bonded lengths ranging from 120 mm to 240 mm. Glued-in GFRP rods with a bonded length of 50 mm tested in Toumpanaki and Ramage (2021) with the 'pull-compression' method exhibited an average tensile stiffness of 74 kN/mm and 53.4 kN/mm at SLS and ULS respectively. The increase in stiffness reported in the 'pull-compression' method is attributed to the minimisation of the shear lag effect from the reaction plate.…”

Section: Secant Stiffnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11. The same rods when tested with the 'pull-compression' method in(Toumpanaki and Ramage 2021) exhibited lower slip values (approximately 50% of the 'pull-pull' test method) at the loaded end attributed to the restricting effect of the reaction frame. The analytical tensile slip values in the '50-100' mm region on the timber face are overestimated and this is attributed to the tension stiffening effect.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

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Cyclic Loading of Glued-In FRP Rods in Timber: Experimental and Analytical Study

Toumpanaki

Ramage

2022

J. Compos. Constr.

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The axial load capacity and stiffness of Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) and Glass Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) rods glued-in timber is investigated under cyclic loading as the main design consideration for structures that experience load reversal (e.g. due to wind loading). Load cycles at 20, 40, 60 and 80% of the ultimate load and three repetitions per load cycle were considered. The main parameters examined are the effect of FRP rod, anchorage length and construction scenario. The construction scenarios represent full contact between timber faces, gaps in joints due to long-term effects (e.g. viscoelastic creep) and manufacturing tolerances, and contact with other materials. The GFRP rods exhibit 23% higher axial load capacity and 20% lower axial tensile stiffness than CFRP rods for an embedment length of 5D, where D is the diameter of the rod. The axial load capacity of the GFRP rods tends to plateau with increasing bonded length at anchorage lengths greater than 10D. Small gaps significantly decrease the axial compressive stiffness of the glued-in FRP rods at the first load cycles and the axial stiffness varies along the bonded length. An analytical methodology is presented to describe the bond stress transfer mechanism and the progressive bond degradation. The analytical tensile slip values agree fairly well with the experimental results when debonding takes place at 80% of the ultimate load.

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Section: (C))supporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Experimental Programmementioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Experimental Programmementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Secant Stiffnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 92%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Cyclic Loading of Glued-In FRP Rods in Timber: Experimental and Analytical Study

Toumpanaki

Ramage

2022

J. Compos. Constr.

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Experimental Study on the Behaviour of Glulam Timber Beams Bonded with Glued-in BFRP Rods

Jemaa,

Yeboah,

Gkantou

2024

Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering

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The technique known as glued-in rods (GiR) presents an appealing option for effectively connecting structural timber members. The utilization of fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) rods offers additional advantages, such as reduced weight, improved corrosion resistance and lower thermal conductivity. Studies examining the behaviour of GiR connections with Basalt FRP (BFRP) rods are limited, and there is currently a lack of guidance for their fabrication and design. This paper presents an experimental study on the performance of glulam timber beams bonded with glued-in BFRP rods. Epoxy adhesive was used to glue the BFRP rods into the cross-sections of glulam, forming the connections. The experimental programme includes four types of connections, investigating two configurations for the glued-in rods (Designs D1 and D2) and two rod diameters (8 mm and 10 mm). Testing was conducted with four replicates for each connection type, resulting in a total of 16 tests. To assess the moment capacity of connections, a four-point bending set-up with a 2300 mm span, was applied. The response in terms of load-displacement response was monitored and the failure mechanisms were assessed. The predominant observed failure mode was bar pull-out and tensile splitting of timber. D1 connections with 10 mm bars demonstrated superior performance in both moment capacity and maximum displacement at failure.

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Experimental investigation of end-notched glulam beams reinforced with GFRP bars

2022

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Glued-in CFRP and GFRP rods in block laminated timber subjected to monotonic and cyclic loading

Cited by 16 publications

References 40 publications

Cyclic Loading of Glued-In FRP Rods in Timber: Experimental and Analytical Study

Cyclic Loading of Glued-In FRP Rods in Timber: Experimental and Analytical Study

Experimental Study on the Behaviour of Glulam Timber Beams Bonded with Glued-in BFRP Rods

Experimental investigation of end-notched glulam beams reinforced with GFRP bars

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