Glucuronidation

Kasper, Charles B.; Henton, Donaby

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-380002-2.50007-5

Cited by 37 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…Both glucuronidation and sulfation seem to be important, and it would be very interesting to quantify the compounds produced in organisms. According to Kasper and Henton (1980), mainly sulfate products were recovered in mammal metabolism, and in cell culture the production of sulfate compounds was twice as high as that of glucuronyl compounds. Nevertheless, sulfotransferases can be rapidly saturated, leading to a greater production of glucuronyl compounds (Koster et al, 1981;Huang et al, 1997), metabolism could thus depend on the doses of apigenin effectively ingested.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolism of Apigenin by Rat Liver Phase I and Phase Ii Enzymes and by Isolated Perfused Rat Liver

Gradolatto¹,

Canivenc-Lavier²,

Basly³

et al. 2004

Drug Metab Dispos

114

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This article is available online at http://dmd.aspetjournals.org ABSTRACT:The metabolism of apigenin, a low estrogenic flavonoid phytochemical, was investigated in rat using liver models both in vitro (subcellular fractions) and ex vivo (isolated perfused liver). In vitro, phase I metabolism led to the formation of three monohydroxylated derivatives: luteolin which was the major metabolite (K m ‫؍‬ 22.5 ؎ 1.5 M; V max ‫؍‬ 5.605 ؎ 0.090 nmol/min/mg protein, means ؎ S.E.M.), scutellarein, and iso-scutellarein. These oxidative pathways were mediated by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s). The use of P450 inhibitors and inducers showed that CYP1A1, CYP2B, and CYP2E1 are involved. In vitro studies of phase II metabolism indicated that apigenin underwent conjugation giving three monoglucuronoconjugates and one monosulfoconjugate. Luteolin led to the formation of four monoglucuronoconjugates, two sulfoconjugates, and one methylconjugate identified as diosmetin. Ex vivo during the apigenin perfusion of an isolated rat liver, none of the phase I metabolites could be recovered. In contrast, two monoglucuronoconjugates and one of the sulfoconjugates of apigenin already identified in vitro were recovered. Moreover, two new derivatives were isolated and identified as a diglucuronoconjugate and a glucuronosulfoconjugate. This work provides new data about the metabolism of apigenin and shows the interest value of using various experimental models in metabolic studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolism of Apigenin by Rat Liver Phase I and Phase Ii Enzymes and by Isolated Perfused Rat Liver

Gradolatto¹,

Canivenc-Lavier²,

Basly³

et al. 2004

Drug Metab Dispos

114

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“…Glucuronidation is one of the major phase II pathways in fish and other species (Kasper and Henton, 1980;Clarke et al, 1991). Both endogenous (e.g., bilirubin, steroids, thyroid hormones, etc.)…”

Section: Udp-glucuronosyltransferase (Udpgt) Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of hepatic phase I and II biotransformation reactions in eight finfish species

González

Reimschuessel

Shaikh

et al. 2009

Marine Environmental Research

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Hepatic microsomes and cytosols of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.), largemouth bass (Micropterussalmoides), striped bass (Morone saxatilis), hybrid striped bass (M. saxatilis x M. crysops), and bluegill (Lepomis macrochuris) (n=8) were used to study the kinetics of phase I (ECOD, EROD, PROD, BROD) and phase II (UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UDPGT)-, sulfotransferase (ST)- and glutathione-s-transferase (GST)-mediated) reactions. The best catalytic efficiency for ECOD and GST activities was performed by channel catfish, Atlantic salmon, rainbow trout and tilapia. The highest EROD catalytic efficiency was for Atlantic salmon. None of the species had either PROD or BROD activities. Rainbow trout had very similar UDPGT catalytic efficiency to tilapia, channel catfish, Atlantic salmon, largemouth bass and bluegill. Sulfotransferase conjugation had no significant differences among the species. In summary, tilapia, channel catfish, Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout had the best biotransforming capabilities; striped bass, hybrid striped bass and bluegill were low metabolizers and largemouth bass shared some capabilities with both groups.

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“…GSH transferases can activate 1 ,2-dihaloethanes to form sulfur mustards and episul fonium ions that react with DNA (112). Glucuronides formed by UDP glucur onyl transferase can break down in the acidic environment of the bladder and cause tumors (74). Sulfation and acetylation can place better leaving groups on hydroxylated sites to promote nitrenium ion formation and alkylation (103,150).…”

Section: Balance Of Useful and Detrimental Effects Of Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Func tional groups forming glucuronides include alcohols, carboxylic acids, a,J3-unsaturated ketones, hydroxylamines, carbamates, amines, sulfonamides, thiols, dithiocarbamates, and activated carbons (e.g. 1 ,3-dicarbonyl systems) (74).…”

Section: Conjugationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Nutritive Factors on Metabolic Processes Involving Bioactivation and Detoxication of Chemicals

Guengerich¹

1984

Annu. Rev. Nutr.

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Glucuronidation

Cited by 37 publications

References 109 publications

Metabolism of Apigenin by Rat Liver Phase I and Phase Ii Enzymes and by Isolated Perfused Rat Liver

Metabolism of Apigenin by Rat Liver Phase I and Phase Ii Enzymes and by Isolated Perfused Rat Liver

Kinetics of hepatic phase I and II biotransformation reactions in eight finfish species

Effects of Nutritive Factors on Metabolic Processes Involving Bioactivation and Detoxication of Chemicals

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