Glucosinolate content in susceptible and resistant chinese cabbage varieties during development of clubroot disease

Ludwig‐Müller, Jutta; Schubert, B.; Pieper, Kerstin; Ihmig, Sabine; Hilgenberg, Willy

doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(96)00498-0

Cited by 95 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Herbivores are not the only plant enemies that can induce glucosinolate formation. Increases in plant glucosinolate content, especially in indolic glucosinolates, are also frequently reported in response to the attack of fungi and bacteria (Brader et al 2001;Ludwig-Müller et al 1997Rostàs et al 2002;Vierheilig et al 2000). These increases are not surprising in light of the fact that glucosinolates are also considered as defenses against some microorganisms, especially nectrotrophs (Li et al 1999;Mari et al 2002;Smith and Kirkegaard 2002).…”

Section: Induction By Mechanical Wounding and Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…(Koritsas et al 1991). These long distance inductions are probably mediated by signaling agents, such as jasmonic acid and salicylic acid, since treatment of either the shoot or root with these compounds sometimes leads to glucosinolate induction in the other half of the plant (Ludwig- Müller et al 1997;van Dam et al 2003). For a more detailed comparison of glucosinolate induction in shoots and roots, see van Dam et al (this issue).…”

Section: Local Versus Systemic Inductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Herbivore induction of the glucosinolate–myrosinase defense system: major trends, biochemical bases and ecological significance

2008

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Like many other plant defense compounds, glucosinolates are present constitutively in plant tissues, but are also induced to higher levels by herbivore attack. Of the major glucosinolate types, indolic glucosinolates are most frequently induced regardless of the type of herbivore involved. Over 90% of previous studies found that herbivore damage to glucosinolate-containing plants led to an increased accumulation of indolic glucosinolates at levels ranging up to 20-fold. Aliphatic and aromatic glucosinolates are also commonly induced by herbivores, though usually at much lower magnitudes than indolic glucosinolates, and aliphatic and aromatic glucosinolates may even undergo declines following herbivory. The glucosinolate defense system also requires another partner, the enzyme myrosinase, to hydrolyze the parent glucosinolates into biologically active derivatives. Much less is known about myrosinase induction after herbivory compared to glucosinolate induction, and no general trends are evident. However, it is clear that insect feeding stimulates the formation of various myrosinase associated proteins whose function is not yet understood. The biochemical mechanism of glucosinolate induction involves a jasmonate signaling cascade that leads eventually to increases in the transcript levels of glucosinolate biosynthetic genes. Several recently described transcription factors controlling glucosinolate biosynthesis are activated by herbivory or wounding. Herbivore induction of glucosinolates has sometimes been demonstrated to increase protection against subsequent herbivore attack, but more research is needed to evaluate the costs and benefits of this phenomenon.

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Section: Induction By Mechanical Wounding and Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Local Versus Systemic Inductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbivore induction of the glucosinolate–myrosinase defense system: major trends, biochemical bases and ecological significance

2008

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“…Indeed, plant basal levels of shoot defenses were significantly altered following not only root herbivory, but also artificial damage and application of plant defense hormones (van Dam et al, 2003;Soler et al, 2005;Rasmann and Turlings, 2007). Others have shown that shoot herbivory attack resulted in an increase in root concentrations of nicotine and protease inhibitors in Nicotiana attenuata and glucosinolates in Brassica campestris (Baldwin et al, 1994;Ludwig-Mü ller et al, 1997;van Dam et al, 2003;Soler et al, 2007). The importance of chemical signals as distress indicators has greatly benefited from pioneering work on volatile signaling (De Moraes et al, 1998, 2001Kessler and Baldwin, 2001).…”

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confidence: 99%

Root-Secreted Malic Acid Recruits Beneficial Soil Bacteria

et al. 2008

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Beneficial soil bacteria confer immunity against a wide range of foliar diseases by activating plant defenses, thereby reducing a plant's susceptibility to pathogen attack. Although bacterial signals have been identified that activate these plant defenses, plant metabolites that elicit rhizobacterial responses have not been demonstrated. Here, we provide biochemical evidence that the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate L-malic acid (MA) secreted from roots of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) selectively signals and recruits the beneficial rhizobacterium Bacillus subtilis FB17 in a dose-dependent manner. Root secretions of L-MA are induced by the foliar pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (Pst DC3000) and elevated levels of L-MA promote binding and biofilm formation of FB17 on Arabidopsis roots. The demonstration that roots selectively secrete L-MA and effectively signal beneficial rhizobacteria establishes a regulatory role of root metabolites in recruitment of beneficial microbes, as well as underscores the breadth and sophistication of plant-microbial interactions.

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“…betae infection (J. Ludwig-Mu$ ller & S. Ihmig, unpubl.). Recently, we have shown that P. brassicae was also found in the root cortex of a tolerant cultivar of Chinese cabbage (Ludwig-Mu$ ller et al, 1997) without developing any symptoms of clubroot.…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…glucosinolate content was dramatically increased (Ludwig-Mu$ ller et al, 1997), whereas in roots of Chinese cabbage cultivars showing tolerance to infection with P. brassicae it did not increase after infection (Ludwig-Mu$ ller et al, 1997). It was proposed that the elevated IAA content in clubrootinfected tissue could be derived from indole glucosinolates (Butcher et al, 1974).…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

The host range of Plasmodiophora brassicae and its relationship to endogenous glucosinolate content

et al. 1999

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The host range of the soilborne obligate biotroph, Plasmodiophora brassicae was investigated. Evidence is presented that infection by P. brassicae might occur in non-Brassica species, leading to the potential formation of resting spores. Structures resembling P. brassicae were found in the root cortex of Tropaeolum majus, Carica papaya, Reseda alba and Beta vulgaris as demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy. Inoculation of Brassica rapa roots with spores extracted from either T. majus or B. vulgaris roots which had been previously inoculated with P. brassicae led to development of clubroot in the roots of B. rapa. It was also shown that the development of the symptom might be correlated with glucosinolate content, although other host factors are implicated in the B. vulgaris interaction with P. brassicae. In the glucosinolate-containing non-Brassicas, T. majus and C. papaya, the concentrations of benzylglucosinolate increased markedly in roots inoculated with P. brassicae, compared with the controls. There were also increases in concentrations of benzylglucosinolate in leaves of T. majus after P. brassicae infection. However, in R. alba roots, the total glucosinolate content decreased after inoculation with P. brassicae compared with the controls. High root concentrations of 2-OH-2-phenylethylglucosinolate (glucobarbarin) compared with low root indole glucosinolates in this species might limit P. brassicae infection and development. The importance of our investigations in relation to cultivation of non-Brassica species on fields infested with P. brassicae is discussed.

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Glucosinolate content in susceptible and resistant chinese cabbage varieties during development of clubroot disease

Cited by 95 publications

References 33 publications

Herbivore induction of the glucosinolate–myrosinase defense system: major trends, biochemical bases and ecological significance

Herbivore induction of the glucosinolate–myrosinase defense system: major trends, biochemical bases and ecological significance

Root-Secreted Malic Acid Recruits Beneficial Soil Bacteria

The host range of Plasmodiophora brassicae and its relationship to endogenous glucosinolate content

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