Glucose Utilization in the Regulation of Chitin Synthesis in Brown Planthopper

Pan, Bi-Ying; Li, Guoyong; Wu, Yan; Zhou, Zhongshi; Zhou, Min; Li, Can

doi:10.1093/jisesa/iez081

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Trehalose is the first gene in the chitin biosynthesis pathway of insects, which regulates chitin synthase (Zhao et al, 2016;Tang et al, 2017). Previous studies have shown that the inhibition of CHS gene expression will lead to a decrease in the content of chitin, abnormal phenotypes and an increase in mortality of N. lugens (Yang et al, 2017;Li et al, 2017;Pan et al, 2019). Our results showed a decrease or a significant decrease in TRE expression after dsGSK-3 injection (Figure 4A).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Regulatory Functions of Nilaparvata lugens GSK-3 in Energy and Chitin Metabolism

Ding

et al. 2020

Front. Physiol.

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Glucose metabolism is a biologically important metabolic process. Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK-3) is a key enzyme located in the middle of the sugar metabolism pathway that can regulate the energy metabolism process in the body through insulin signaling. This paper mainly explores the regulatory effect of glycogen synthase kinase on the metabolism of glycogen and trehalose in the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) by RNA interference. In this paper, microinjection of the target double-stranded GSK-3 (dsGSK-3) effectively inhibited the expression of target genes in N. lugens. GSK-3 gene silencing can effectively inhibit the expression of target genes (glycogen phosphorylase gene, glycogen synthase gene, trehalose-6-phosphate synthase 1 gene, and trehalose-6-phosphate synthase 2 gene) in N. lugens and trehalase activity, thereby reducing glycogen and glucose content, increasing trehalose content, and regulating insect trehalose balance. GSK-3 can regulate the genes chitin synthase gene and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase gene involved in the chitin biosynthetic pathway of N. lugens. GSK-3 gene silencing can inhibit the synthesis of chitin N. lugens, resulting in abnormal phenotypes and increased mortality. These results indicated that a low expression of GSK-3 in N. lugens can regulate the metabolism of glycogen and trehalose through the insulin signal pathway and energy metabolism pathway, and can regulate the biosynthesis of chitin, which affects molting and wing formation. The relevant research results will help us to more comprehensively explore the molecular mechanism of the regulation of energy and chitin metabolism of insect glycogen synthase kinases in species such as N. lugens.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Regulatory Functions of Nilaparvata lugens GSK-3 in Energy and Chitin Metabolism

Ding

et al. 2020

Front. Physiol.

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“…Both autophagy and glycolysis have been reported to be associated with regulation of glucose metabolism during cell starvation [25,26] . During cerebral ischemia/ reperfusion, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) overproduction causes oxidative damage to key proteins of glycolysis and ATP synthase, leading to decreased ATP causes many changes in brain function, such as altered membrane potential and increased intracellular Ca 2+ levels, producing detrimental effects on cell function and survival [27] .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trehalose Inhibits Oxygen Glucose Deprivation Induced Autophagic Death in Dopaminergic SH-SY5Y Cells via Mitigation of Glycolysis Dysfunction and Inhibiting Activated Protein Kinase Activation

Wang¹,

Jiao²,

Xu³

et al. 2021

ijps

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The goal of this study was to explore the regulatory mechanism of trehalose on the autophagy death of SH-SY5Y cells induced by oxygen and sugar deprivation from the aspect of glycolysis. Human SH-SY5Y cells were divided into three groups includes control group (control), model group (oxygen and sugar deprivation) and experimental group (oxygen and sugar deprivation+trehalose). The proliferation activity, mortality of SH-SY5Y cells, adenosine triphosphate and pyruvic acid were measured. Western blot was carried out to detect the expression levels of autophagic-related proteins (Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1, beclin 1, autophagy related 5, microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3, ubiquitin-binding protein p62), glycolysis-related proteins (hexokinase 2, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase M2) and activated protein kinase signalling pathway proteins. Compared with the control group, the autophagy level of the oxygen and sugar deprivation group was increased in a time-dependent manner (p<0.05). Cell mortality was increased (p<0.05) and the expressions of hexokinase 2, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase M2 were decreased (p<0.05). The expression levels of activated protein kinase signalling pathway related proteins was upregulated (p<0.05). On the contrary, the cell death rate and autophagy level of the experimental group were significantly lower than that of the model group. The protein levels of hexokinase 2, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase M2 were up-regulated and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Trehalose can reduce the damage of SH-SY5Y cells caused by oxygen and sugar deprivation. The mechanism may be related to the improvement of glycolysis dysfunction and alleviation of autophagy over activation of activated protein kinase.

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“…However, this enzyme is not present in most insect species, including D. citri. Though present in N. lugens, RNAi studies showed that knockdown of G6Pase in N. lugens had no effect on the genes involved in trehalose metabolism [64].…”

Section: Enzymes Of Gluconeogenesismentioning

confidence: 98%

Annotation of glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and trehaloneogenesis pathways provide insight into carbohydrate metabolism in the Asian citrus psyllid

Tamayo

Kercher²,

Vosburg³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Citrus greening disease is caused by the pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, which is transmitted by the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri. There is no curative treatment or significant prevention mechanism for this detrimental disease that causes continued economic losses from reduced citrus production. A high quality genome of D. citri is being manually annotated to provide accurate gene models required to identify novel control targets and increase understanding of this pest. Here, we annotated genes involved in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and trehaloneogenesis in the D. citri genome, as these are core metabolic pathways and suppression could reduce this pest. Specifically, twenty-five genes were identified and annotated in the glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways and seven genes for the trehaloneogenesis pathway. Comparative analysis showed that the glycolysis genes in D. citri are highly conserved compared to orthologs in other insect systems, but copy numbers vary in D. citri. Expression levels of the annotated gene models were analyzed and several enzymes in the glycolysis pathway showed high expression in the thorax. This is consistent with the primary use of glucose by flight muscles located in the thorax. A few of the genes annotated in D. citri have been targeted for gene knockdown as a proof of concept, for RNAi therapeutics. Thus, manual annotation of these core metabolic pathways provides accurate genomic foundations for developing gene-targeting therapeutics to reduce D. citri.

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Glucose Utilization in the Regulation of Chitin Synthesis in Brown Planthopper

Cited by 14 publications

References 65 publications

Regulatory Functions of Nilaparvata lugens GSK-3 in Energy and Chitin Metabolism

Regulatory Functions of Nilaparvata lugens GSK-3 in Energy and Chitin Metabolism

Trehalose Inhibits Oxygen Glucose Deprivation Induced Autophagic Death in Dopaminergic SH-SY5Y Cells via Mitigation of Glycolysis Dysfunction and Inhibiting Activated Protein Kinase Activation

Annotation of glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and trehaloneogenesis pathways provide insight into carbohydrate metabolism in the Asian citrus psyllid

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