Glucose uptake and regulation by intestinal tissues: Implications and whole-body energetics

Harmon, D.L.; McLeod, K.R.

doi:10.2527/jas2001.79e-supple59x

Cited by 57 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…GLUT2 functions as a low-affinity transporter localized to both the apical and basolateral membranes of the enterocytes (Kellett et al, 2008). In steers, the absorption capacity for glucose (Krehbiel et al, 1996;Harmon and McLeod, 2001), the uptake activity of glucose transporters (Bauer et al, 2001), as well as the basal expression of both SGLT1 and GLUT2 mRNA (Liao et al, 2009), highly vary along the intestinal axis, being the highest in the jejunum and the lowest in the ileum. There is experimental evidence in ruminant that abomasal perfusion of partially hydrolyzed starch or glucose induces a rapid (within a few days) increase in glucose transport capacity (Shirazi-Beechey et al, 1995;Bauer et al, 1995 and.…”

Section: Starch Intestinal Digestion and Glucose Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbohydrate quantitative digestion and absorption in ruminants: from feed starch and fibre to nutrients available for tissues

Nozière

Ortigues-Marty

Loncke

et al. 2010

Animal

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Carbohydrates are the main source of energy in ruminants. Their site, extent and kinetics of digestion highly impact the amount and profile of nutrients delivered to peripheral tissues, and the responses of the animal, i.e. ingestion, efficiency of production, N and methane excretion, quality of products and welfare. Development of multi-objective feed evaluation systems thus requires a more integrated quantitative knowledge on carbohydrate digestion and yield of terminal products, as well as on their metabolism by splanchnic tissues. The objective of this paper is to review (i) quantitative knowledge on fibre, starch and sugar digestion, volatile fatty acids (VFA) and glucose production and splanchnic metabolism and (ii) modelling approaches which aim at representing and/or predicting nutrient fluxes in the digestive tract, portal and hepatic drainage. It shows that the representation of carbohydrate digestion and VFA yield is relatively homogeneous among models. Although published quantitative comparisons of these models are scarce, they stress that prediction of fibre digestion and VFA yield and composition is still not good enough for use in feed formulation, whereas prediction of microbial N yield and ruminal starch digestion seems to be more satisfactory. Uncertainties on VFA stoichiometric coefficients and absorption rates may partly explain the poor predictions of VFA. Hardly any mechanistic models have been developed on portal-drained viscera (PDV) metabolism whereas a few exist for liver metabolism. A qualitative comparison of these models is presented. Most are focused on dairy cows and their level of aggregation in the representation of nutrient fluxes and metabolism highly differs depending on their objectives. Quantitative comparison of these models is still lacking. However, recent advances have been achieved with the empirical prediction of VFA and glucose production and fluxes through PDV and liver based on the current INRA feed evaluation system. These advances are presented. They illustrate that empirical prediction of ruminal VFA and intestinal glucose production can be evaluated by comparison with measured net portal net fluxes. We also illustrate the potential synergy between empirical and mechanistic modelling. It is concluded that concomitant empirical and mechanistic approach may likely help to progress towards development of multi-objective feed evaluation systems based on nutrient fluxes.

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Section: Starch Intestinal Digestion and Glucose Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbohydrate quantitative digestion and absorption in ruminants: from feed starch and fibre to nutrients available for tissues

Nozière

Ortigues-Marty

Loncke

et al. 2010

Animal

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“…Therefore, it is unclear if great protein flow including microbial protein to the duodenum would increase percentage of starch apparently digested post-ruminally in the current study. We hypothesized that starch digestion in the small intestine would be more energetically efficient than ruminal fermentation (Harmon and McLeod, 2001). Many studies (Beauchemin and McGinn, 2005;Tiffany and Spears, 2005;Loe et al, 2006) reported that cattle fed a corn diet consumed more feed and had higher ADG than those fed a barley diet.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When high concentrate diets are fed to beef cattle, up to 42% of dietary starch may escape ruminal fermentation and be available in the small intestine (Orskov, 1986). Starch digestion in the small intestine is more energetically efficient than ruminal fermentation (Harmon and McLeod, 2001). Huntington (1997) emphasized in his review that production and outflow of microbial protein from the rumen is responsible for starch digestion in the small intestine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Synchronization of Energy and Nitrogen Release in the Rumen on the Starch Disappearance in the Gastrointestinal Tract and Growth Performance of Hanwoo Steers

Li¹,

Oh²,

Lee³

et al. 2011

Journal of Animal Science and Technology

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The objectives of experiments were to compare directly the effects of synchrony of slowly fermented (corn and corn gluten meal; C-CGM) and of rapidly fermented ingredients (barley and soybean meal; B-SBM) in the rumen on starch disappearances in gastrointestinal tracts (Experiment 1) and growth performance (Experiment 2) of Hanwoo steers in the feedlot barn. In experiment 1, four Hanwoo steers (288 ± 21 kg) fitted with ruminal and "T" shaped duodenal cannula were placed in one pen with Calan gate and assigned randomly to a duplicate 2 × 2 Latin square design. In experiment 2, eight intact Hanwoo steers (311 ± 8 kg) were assigned randomly to one of two pens with Calan gate to evaluate the effect of the same diets as like in experiment 1 on growth performance. There were no differences in ruminal pH, ammonia and total VFA concentrations between treatments. Percentage of apparent ruminal starch disappearance was 33.3% unit lower (p<0.05) for steers fed C-CGM than for steers fed B-SBM diets and this difference resulted in 268% higher (p<0.05) in duodenal starch flows for steers fed C-CGM diet than for steers fed B-SMB diet. There was significant increase (p<0.05) in quantity (927 vs. 400 g/d) of corn starch digested post-ruminally compared to barley starch. However, percentage of starch apparently digested post-ruminally was 8% higher (p=0.1) in steers fed fast synchrony diet with B-SBM than in steers fed slow synchrony diets with C-CGM. The differences of percentage and amount of starch apparently digested post-ruminally between C-CGM and B-SBM diets did not affect rice straw DM intake, average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency. In conclusion, there is some uncertainty in regards to the relationship between site of starch digestion and DM intake, ADG, and feed efficiency in this study.

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“…The higher plasma glucose concentration in bulls fed diets with 25:75 and 0:100 ratios of barley to maize could have resulted from the escape of maize starch into the small intestine and subsequent digestion and absorption into the blood stream (Reynolds, 1998;Harmon and McLeod, 2001). There was no difference, however, between the diets in terms of plasma insulin concentration.…”

Section: Characterization Of Ruminal Fermentation and Plasma Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance, carcass quality and blood metabolites of Holstein bulls on feedlot feeding of different proportions of barley grain to maize grain

et al. 2013

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Glucose uptake and regulation by intestinal tissues: Implications and whole-body energetics

Cited by 57 publications

References 84 publications

Carbohydrate quantitative digestion and absorption in ruminants: from feed starch and fibre to nutrients available for tissues

Carbohydrate quantitative digestion and absorption in ruminants: from feed starch and fibre to nutrients available for tissues

Effects of Synchronization of Energy and Nitrogen Release in the Rumen on the Starch Disappearance in the Gastrointestinal Tract and Growth Performance of Hanwoo Steers

Performance, carcass quality and blood metabolites of Holstein bulls on feedlot feeding of different proportions of barley grain to maize grain

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