Glucose tolerance and smoking: A population study of oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests in middle-aged men

Janzon, Lars; Berntorp, Kerstin; Hanson, Martin; Lindell, S.‐E.; Trell, Erik

doi:10.1007/bf00250893

Cited by 113 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Although a definitive causal association has not been established, a relationship between cigarette smoking and type 2 diabetes is biologically plausible. Smoking increases blood glucose concentration after an oral glucose tolerance challenge (3) and may impair insulin sensitivity (4). Smoking is associated with higher energy expenditure and lower appetite, which could explain lower body weight in smokers and weight gain after smoking cessation (5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking and Long-Term Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: The EPIC-InterAct Study in European Populations

Spijkerman

Nilsson

et al. 2014

Diabetes Care

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OBJECTIVEThe aims of this study were to investigate the association between smoking and incident type 2 diabetes, accounting for a large number of potential confounding factors, and to explore potential effect modifiers and intermediate factors. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSThe European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-InterAct is a prospective case-cohort study within eight European countries, including 12,403 cases of incident type 2 diabetes and a random subcohort of 16,835 individuals. After exclusion of individuals with missing data, the analyses included 10,327 cases and 13,863 subcohort individuals. Smoking status was used (never, former, current), with never smokers as the reference. Country-specific Prenticeweighted Cox regression models and random-effects meta-analysis were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for type 2 diabetes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking and Long-Term Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: The EPIC-InterAct Study in European Populations

Spijkerman

Nilsson

et al. 2014

Diabetes Care

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“…Cigarette smoking decreases fasting insulin levels and leads a transient increase in blood glucose levels after an oral glucose challenge 10,11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of diabetes and cigarette smoke exposure on the glycemia and liver glycogen of pregnant Wistar rats

et al. 2008

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Purpose:To evaluate cigarette smoke exposure and/or diabetes association effects on the glycemia and liver glycogen levels of pregnant Wistar rats. Methods: 60 adult rats were randomly distributed into (n=10/group): non-diabetic exposed to filtered air (G1); non-diabetic exposed to cigarette smoke only before pregnancy (G2); non-diabetic exposed to cigarette smoke before and during pregnancy (G3); diabetic exposed to filtered air (G4); diabetic exposed to cigarette smoke only before pregnancy (G5), and diabetic exposed to cigarette smoke before and during pregnancy (G6). Glycemia was determined at days 0 and 21 of pregnancy. Liver samples were collected for liver glycogen determinations. Results: At day 21 of pregnancy, glycemia was higher in G5 and G6 compared to G4 group. G2 (2.43±0.43), G3 (3.20±0.49), G4 (2.62±0.34), G5 (2.65±0.27) and G6 groups (1.94±0.35) presented decreased liver glycogen concentrations compared to G1 (4.20±0.18 mg/100mg liver tissue) (p<0.05). G5 and G6 groups presented decreased maternal weight gain and litter weight. Conclusions: Severe diabetes and cigarette smoke exposure, alone or associated, caused impairment in liver glycogen storage at term pregnancy. Due to the fact that liver glycogen storages were considered determinant for glucose tolerance, it is relevant to point out a rigid clinical glycemic control and to stop smoking so earlier in pregnancy programming. Key words: Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental. Pregnancy. Glycogen. Tobacco Smoke Pollution. Glycemia. Rats. RESUMOObjetivo: Avaliar a associação da exposição à fumaça de cigarro e/ou diabete sobre a glicemia e concentrações de glicogênio hepático em ratas Wistar prenhes. Métodos: 60 ratas adultas foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em seis grupos (n=10/grupo): não-diabético exposto ao ar filtrado (G1); não-diabético exposto à fumaça de cigarro antes da prenhez (G2); não-diabético exposto à fumaça de cigarro antes e durante a prenhez (G3); diabético exposto ao ar filtrado (G4); diabético exposto à fumaça de cigarro antes da prenhez (G5); diabético exposto à fumaça de cigarro antes e durante a prenhez (G6). A glicemia foi determinada nos dias 0 e 21 de prenhez. Foram coletadas amostras de fígado para dosagens de glicogênio. Resultados: No 21º dia de prenhez, a glicemia foi maior nos grupos G5 e G6 comparados ao grupo G4. Os grupos G2 (2,43±0,43), G3 (3,20±0,49), G4 (2,62±0,34), G5 (2,65±0,27) e G6 (1,94±0,35) apresentaram concentrações de glicogênio diminuídas comparados ao grupo G1 (4,20±0,18 mg/100mg) (p <0.05). Os grupos G5 e G6 apresentaram ganho de peso materno e peso da ninhada diminuídos. Conclusões: O diabete grave e a exposição à fumaça de cigarro, sozinhos ou associados, causaram prejuízo no armazenamento de glicogênio na prenhez a termo. Devido ao fato dos estoques de glicogênio serem determinantes para a tolerância à glicose, é imprescindível indicar um rígido controle glicêmico e deixar de fumar antes da gestação. Descritores: Diabetes Mellitus Experimental. Gravidez. Glicogênio. Poluição por Fumaça de Tab...

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“…Research has shown that diabetic patients who continue to smoke have uncontrolled glucose levels even with treatment [27]. Studies have long shown that nicotine from cigarette smoking impairs glucose metabolism [28][29][30] and reflects as high proportions of glycated hemoglobin, high OGTT and high fasting insulin [31,32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Years of Marijuana Use and the Four Main Diagnostic Criteria for Metabolic Syndrome among United States Adults

Yankey¹,

Rothenberg²,

Strasser³

et al. 2017

J Addict Res Ther

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Objective: Research on marijuana use suggests a protective effect on metabolic syndrome. National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III, World Health Organization, European Group for the study of Insulin Resistance and International Diabetes Federation have different criteria for metabolic syndrome. Definitions of both marijuana use and criteria for metabolic syndrome may influence the observed effects. We examine the relationship of years of marijuana use with the four common definitions of metabolic syndrome.Method: This is a cross-sectional study of 3051 adults aged ≥ 20 years who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2012. Only participants who responded to the question, "Have you ever even once used marijuana or hashish?" were enrolled. Using multivariate logistic regression, we estimated odds ratios for metabolic syndrome with each year of marijuana use.Results: Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) for having metabolic syndrome with each increase in year of marijuana use was 1.05 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.08) using National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria. Respective AOR using International Diabetes Federation (IDF) was 1.08 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.13) and 1.05 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.13) using World Health Organization (WHO) or European Group for the study of Insulin Resistance (EGIR) criteria. Using ATP III or IDF criteria, the adjusted odds ratio of having hypertension (AOR Hyp) for each year of marijuana use was 1.07 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.12). Using WHO criteria, AOR Hyp was 1.05 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.09) and 1.08 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.12) using EGIR. All the applicable criteria show increased odds for abdominal obesity: AOR 1.06 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.11) (ATP III), 1.09 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.14) (EGIR) or 1.07 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.13) (IDF). Adjusted odds ratio for having high oral glucose tolerance test levels was 1.12 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.18) using WHO and EGIR criteria. Conclusion:Irrespective of the criteria for metabolic syndrome, each year of marijuana use showed increased odds of having metabolic syndrome, hypertension or high oral glucose tolerance test levels. This increased odd is in contrast to most findings in literature. The small, yet consistent increase in odds for hypertension was slightly higher than that observed with cigarette smoking. Recreational marijuana use may be detrimental to cardiovascular health. A standardized definition of marijuana use will be relevant for further investigation.

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Glucose tolerance and smoking: A population study of oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests in middle-aged men

Cited by 113 publications

References 7 publications

Smoking and Long-Term Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: The EPIC-InterAct Study in European Populations

Smoking and Long-Term Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: The EPIC-InterAct Study in European Populations

Association of diabetes and cigarette smoke exposure on the glycemia and liver glycogen of pregnant Wistar rats

Relationship between Years of Marijuana Use and the Four Main Diagnostic Criteria for Metabolic Syndrome among United States Adults

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