Glucose Signaling-Mediated Coordination of Cell Growth and Cell Cycle in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

Busti, Stefano; Coccetti, Paola; Alberghina, Lilia; Vanoni, Marco

doi:10.3390/s100606195

Cited by 113 publications

(134 citation statements)

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“…Indeed, Mth1 degradation and subsequent HXT gene expression occur constitutively in Rgt2-1 and Snf3-1 mutant cells (22). These observations have led to the view that glucose acts like a hormone to initiate receptor-mediated signaling, and glucose sensors function in a similar way to mammalian cell surface receptors (5,23).…”

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confidence: 99%

Endocytosis and Vacuolar Degradation of the Yeast Cell Surface Glucose Sensors Rgt2 and Snf3

Roy

Kim

2014

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Background:In yeast, glucose is sensed by two cell surface glucose sensors. Results: The glucose sensors are down-regulated by ubiquitination and degradation. Conclusion: The stability of the glucose sensors may be associated with their ability to sense glucose. Significance: Differential regulation of the abundance of glucose sensors enables yeast cells to respond rapidly to changing glucose levels.

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confidence: 99%

Endocytosis and Vacuolar Degradation of the Yeast Cell Surface Glucose Sensors Rgt2 and Snf3

Roy

Kim

2014

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…Because of the energetic inefficiency of fermentation, yeast cells must be adroit in sensing glucose. S. cerevisiae has three well-known glucose sensing pathways: (i) the Gpa1/2-Ras2-PKA pathway that regulates stress response (through Msn2/4) and other things; (ii) the SNF1 pathway, which regulates respiratory metabolism and other processes; and (iii) the Snf3/Rgt2-Rgt1 (SRR) pathway that regulates expression of genes encoding hexose transporters (3).…”

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confidence: 99%

SUMOylation regulates the SNF1 protein kinase

Simpson-Lavy

Johnston

2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a major stress sensor of mammalian cells. AMPK's homolog in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the SNF1 protein kinase, is a central regulator of carbon metabolism that inhibits the Snf3/Rgt2-Rgt1 glucose sensing pathway and activates genes involved in respiration. We present evidence that glucose induces modification of the Snf1 catalytic subunt of SNF1 with the small ubiquitin-like modifier protein SUMO, catalyzed by the SUMO (E3) ligase Mms21. Our results suggest that SUMOylation of Snf1 inhibits its function in two ways: by interaction of SUMO attached to lysine 549 with a SUMO-interacting sequence motif located near the active site of Snf1, and by targeting Snf1 for destruction via the Slx5-Slx8 (SUMO-directed) ubiquitin ligase. These findings reveal another way SNF1 function is regulated in response to carbon source.protein kinase regulation | protein modification | signal transduction G lucose is the preferred carbon source of most cells, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which ferments it to ethanol and CO 2 , producing only two ATPs, even when oxygen is available to drive production of much more ATP. This preference for fermentation (which cancer cells share), is known as the Crabtree or Warburg effect (1, 2). Because of the energetic inefficiency of fermentation, yeast cells must be adroit in sensing glucose. S. cerevisiae has three well-known glucose sensing pathways: (i) the Gpa1/2-Ras2-PKA pathway that regulates stress response (through Msn2/4) and other things; (ii) the SNF1 pathway, which regulates respiratory metabolism and other processes; and (iii) the Snf3/Rgt2-Rgt1 (SRR) pathway that regulates expression of genes encoding hexose transporters (3).The SRR (sensor/receptor-repressor) pathway begins at the cell surface with high-affinity (Snf3) (4) and low-affinity (Rgt2) glucose sensors (5) that are coupled to the casein kinases Yck1 and Yck2, which catalyze phosphorylation of the corepressor proteins Mth1 and Std1 (6), leading to their ubiquitinylation by SCF Grr1 (7,8). The subsequent destruction of Mth1 and Std1 inactivates the Rgt1 transcriptional repressor, resulting in derepression of HXT genes encoding hexose transporters (7, 9). In response to glucose, Yck1/2 also mediates inactivation and degradation of transporters of alternative carbon sources, such as maltose (Mal61) (10) and lactate/pyruvate/acetate (Jen1) (11). Achieving this glucose-induced switching of transporters seems to be the main purpose of the SRR pathway (12).The SNF1 protein kinase-the ortholog of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a major stress-activated protein kinase in mammalian cells (13,14)-is a central regulator of carbon metabolism (15,16). This kinase is an activator of Adr1 and Cat8, which activate expression of genes involved in the diauxic shift, ethanol, and lactate uptake and catabolism, gluconeogenesis, and respiration (17-21), and is an inhibitor of the Mig1 repressor of glucose-repressed genes (22). SNF1 is a heterotrimer of the Snf1 catalytic subunit,...

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“…Transcription of genes in many organisms have been found to be carbon-source dependent (Busti et al, 2010;Poças-Fonseca et al, 2000), so elevated levels of accD gene under heterotrophic cultivations should be caused by the utilization of glucose. Besides that, glucose might also regulate the activities of many other genes, and then lead to many changes to the cells, such as the decline of the chlorophyll contents under heterotrophic cultivations, which indicated the decrease of chloroplasts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning and expression analysis of accD gene in Chlorella protothecoides FACHB-2

Lu¹,

Kong²

2012

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) is one of the key enzymes that participate in lipid biosynthesis; a detailed understanding of its regulation mechanism is of potential value for lipid production in oilproducing species. In this study, a 1.5 kb fragment of accD gene from Chlorella protothecoides FACHB-2 was cloned, and the expression levels of it under autotrophic and heterotrophic conditions were investigated through quantitative real-time PCR technique. The results show that the expression levels of accD gene under heterotrophic conditions were higher than under autotrophic conditions, higher at the stationary phases than at exponential phases, and accordingly the lipid contents increased significantly. So, it can be concluded that expression of ACCase gene plays an important role in regulating the lipid contents of Chlorella protothecoides FACHB-2 under different cultivation conditions.

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Glucose Signaling-Mediated Coordination of Cell Growth and Cell Cycle in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

Cited by 113 publications

References 296 publications

Endocytosis and Vacuolar Degradation of the Yeast Cell Surface Glucose Sensors Rgt2 and Snf3

Endocytosis and Vacuolar Degradation of the Yeast Cell Surface Glucose Sensors Rgt2 and Snf3

SUMOylation regulates the SNF1 protein kinase

Cloning and expression analysis of accD gene in Chlorella protothecoides FACHB-2

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