Glucose Sensor Strip Using Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide-dependent Glucose Dehydrogenase with Quinones as Redox Mediators

Abstract

In this study, a glucose sensor strip that has an extended dynamic range and low mediator loading was developed. Flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent glucose dehydrogenase (FAD-GDH) was used as the enzyme, with quinone as the electron transfer mediator. When 10 U of FAD-GDH and 10 nmol of 1,2-naphthoquinone were loaded onto the electrode, the glucose calibration curve showed high linearity up to a concentration of 1000 mg/dL. The curve was also highly linear when 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone was used as the mediator. Furthermore, the addition of a surfactant improved the linearity. However, 9,10-phenanthrenequinone could not be used to measure glucose at high concentrations. The rate constant of the FAD-GDH reaction and the water solubility of the mediator (actual mediator concentration near the electrode) were determined to be important parameters.

Electrochemical Behavior of Quinones Classically Used for Bioenergetical Applications: Considerations and Insights about the Anodic Side

“…Quinones are electroactive molecules (related to the hydroquinone/quinone redox couple) which have been widely used for decades for a large range of applications including (bio)sensing approaches under a form either adsorbed on the electrode surface [1–5] or in solution [6–8] . More particularly, they have also been extensively used as mediators in (bio)fuel cells applications or batteries [9–13] .…”