Glucose Sensing Neurons

Routh, Vanessa H.; McArdle, Joseph J.; Sanders, Nicole M.; Song, Zhiqing; Wang, R.

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-30374-1_7

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 199 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In the present study we show that [Gluc] ECF , insulin level, expression, translocation and distribution of GLUT4 in the OB are influenced by steady or dynamic feeding states while SGLT1 expression is not regulated in a metabolically-dependent manner. Given that central glucose sensing neurons assume different roles (see Routh et al, 2007 ), we suggest that GLUT4 and SGLT1 in the OB are involved in different glucose sensing functions. Insulin dependent GLUT4 could interfere in detecting and integrating changes in whole body energy balance, while SGLT1 would be implicated in detecting and regulating glucose availability which is necessary to meet the demands of local synaptic activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Among all brain regions, glucose-sensing neurons are found primarily in the hypothalamus, the master brain circuit controlling homeostasis, but also in other brain regions such as the brainstem, amygdala, septum, hippocampus and OB (Anand et al, 1964 ; Oomura et al, 1969 ; Ritter et al, 1981 ; Nakano et al, 1986 ; Shoji, 1992 ; Balfour et al, 2006 ; Ren et al, 2009 ; Tucker et al, 2010 , 2013 ). Central glucose sensors may play a role in (i) communicating information regarding nutrient status to surrounding neurons linked to whole body energy status and (ii) in the maintenance of local energy needs for synaptic function (Routh et al, 2007 ). In terms of molecular characteristics, central glucose-sensing neurons express several markers such as ATP-dependent potassium channels (K ATP ), the voltage-dependent potassium channel subfamily member 1.3 (Kv1.3), sodium-dependent glucose transporters (SGLTs), glucose transporters (GLUTs), glucokinase, and AMP kinase (Livingstone et al, 1995 ; Karschin et al, 1997 ; Dunn-Meynell et al, 1998 ; Diez-Sampedro et al, 2001 ; Kang et al, 2004 ; O'malley et al, 2006 ; Tucker et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cellular and molecular cues of glucose sensing in the rat olfactory bulb

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the brain, glucose homeostasis of extracellular fluid is crucial to the point that systems specifically dedicated to glucose sensing are found in areas involved in energy regulation and feeding behavior. Olfaction is a major sensory modality regulating food consumption. Nutritional status in turn modulates olfactory detection. Recently it has been proposed that some olfactory bulb (OB) neurons respond to glucose similarly to hypothalamic neurons. However, the precise molecular cues governing glucose sensing in the OB are largely unknown. To decrypt these molecular mechanisms, we first used immunostaining to demonstrate a strong expression of two neuronal markers of glucose-sensitivity, insulin-dependent glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4), and sodium glucose co-transporter type 1 (SGLT1) in specific OB layers. We showed that expression and mapping of GLUT4 but not SGLT1 were feeding state-dependent. In order to investigate the impact of metabolic status on the delivery of blood-borne glucose to the OB, we measured extracellular fluid glucose concentration using glucose biosensors simultaneously in the OB and cortex of anesthetized rats. We showed that glucose concentration in the OB is higher than in the cortex, that metabolic steady-state glucose concentration is independent of feeding state in the two brain areas, and that acute changes in glycemic conditions affect bulbar glucose concentration alone. These data provide new evidence of a direct relationship between the OB and peripheral metabolism, and emphasize the importance of glucose for the OB network, providing strong arguments toward establishing the OB as a glucose-sensing organ.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular and molecular cues of glucose sensing in the rat olfactory bulb

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Glucose sensing neurons have been classified as “glucose-excited” (GE) or “glucose-inhibited” (GI) depending on whether they increase or decrease action potential frequency in response to extracellular glucose variations (McCrimmon, 2008 ; Gonzalez et al, 2009 ). GE and GI neurons integrate fluctuations in whole-body metabolic signals related to feeding behavior (Routh et al, 2007 ).…”

Section: Glucose Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glucose not only serves as a metabolic substrate but also alters neuronal activity linked to metabolism. Therefore, it's suggested that correct functioning of glucose sensing neurons would be essential to prevent metabolic disorders such as obesity and Type 2 diabetes mellitus but also stroke and other neurodegenerative disorders where neuronal energy supply is disrupted (Routh et al, 2007 ).…”

Section: Glucose Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient Sensing: Another Chemosensitivity of the Olfactory System

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Olfaction is a major sensory modality involved in real time perception of the chemical composition of the external environment. Olfaction favors anticipation and rapid adaptation of behavioral responses necessary for animal survival. Furthermore, recent studies have demonstrated that there is a direct action of metabolic peptides on the olfactory network. Orexigenic peptides such as ghrelin and orexin increase olfactory sensitivity, which in turn, is decreased by anorexigenic hormones such as insulin and leptin. In addition to peptides, nutrients can play a key role on neuronal activity. Very little is known about nutrient sensing in olfactory areas. Nutrients, such as carbohydrates, amino acids, and lipids, could play a key role in modulating olfactory sensitivity to adjust feeding behavior according to metabolic need. Here we summarize recent findings on nutrient-sensing neurons in olfactory areas and delineate the limits of our knowledge on this topic. The present review opens new lines of investigations on the relationship between olfaction and food intake, which could contribute to determining the etiology of metabolic disorders.

show abstract

“…In animal studies, glucose sensors have been found both in peripheral tissues (pancreatic b-cells, intestine, carotid body, and hepatoportal vein) and in the central nervous system (amygdala, septum, striatum, motor-cortex, and hindbrain) (62), including the hypothalamus (15,31,68,76). The respective roles of these peripheral and central glucose sensors in hypoglycemia detection and the control of the CRR will not be discussed here.…”

Section: Role Of the Vmh In The Crrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypothalamic Nitric Oxide in Hypoglycemia Detection and Counterregulation: A Two-Edged Sword

Fioramonti

Song

Vazirani

et al. 2011

Antioxidants & Redox Signaling

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hypoglycemia is the main complication for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus receiving intensive insulin therapy. In addition to the obvious deleterious effects of acute hypoglycemia on brain function, recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia (RH) have an even more insidious effect. RH impairs the ability of the brain to detect and initiate an appropriate counterregulatory response (CRR) to restore euglycemia in response to subsequent hypoglycemia. Knowledge of mechanisms involved in hypoglycemia detection and counterregulation has significantly improved over the past 20 years. Glucose sensitive neurons (GSNs) in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) may play a key role in the CRR. VMH nitric oxide (NO) production has recently been shown to be critical for both the CRR and glucose sensing by glucose-inhibited neurons. Interestingly, downstream effects of NO may also contribute to the impaired CRR after RH. In this review, we will discuss current literature regarding the molecular mechanisms by which VMH GSNs sense glucose. Putative roles of GSNs in the detection and initiation of the CRR will then be described. Finally, hypothetical mechanisms by which VMH NO production may both facilitate and subsequently impair the CRR will be discussed. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 14, 505-517.

show abstract

Glucose Sensing Neurons

Cited by 5 publications

References 199 publications

Cellular and molecular cues of glucose sensing in the rat olfactory bulb

Cellular and molecular cues of glucose sensing in the rat olfactory bulb

Nutrient Sensing: Another Chemosensitivity of the Olfactory System

Hypothalamic Nitric Oxide in Hypoglycemia Detection and Counterregulation: A Two-Edged Sword

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About