Glucose-sensing and glucose-driven “organic engine” with co-immobilized enzyme membrane toward autonomous drug release systems for diabetes

Glucose-driven chemo-mechanical autonomous drug-release system with multi-enzymatic amplification toward feedback control of blood glucose in diabetes

“…As mentioned above, and reported in our previous work (Munkhjargal et al, 2013), the current organic engine shows several times higher performance compared to the first generation system as a result of optimized PVA-SbQ, accelerated decompression rate by hydrophobization, and development of the POX þGOD co-immobilized enzyme membrane (Fig. 4).…”

“…The system consists of two units: the organic engine and the drug-release unit. The organic engine was fabricated using a POXþ GOD enzyme membrane (Munkhjargal et al, 2013) immobilized with fluororesin, and with optimized quantities of PVA-SbQ as described above. The drug release unit was fabricated from poly-dimethyl-siloxane (PDMS) membrane (thickness¼40 mm) and poly-methyl-methacrylate (PMMA) (Kato et al, 2010).…”

“…Our group has been developing novel chemo-mechanical organic engine-based drug release systems with possible applications in autonomous drug release for glucose control (Kato et al, 2010;Mitsubayashi et al, 2009;Munkhjargal et al, 2013). However, the sensitivity of the first generation system was 100 mmol/L glucose, which is more than 10 fold of the normal blood sugar level in humans.…”

“…However, the sensitivity of the first generation system was 100 mmol/L glucose, which is more than 10 fold of the normal blood sugar level in humans. Subsequently, the organic engine performance was enhanced by physical and chemical modification (Munkhjargal et al, 2013). The physical modifications comprised an increased surface area and reduced volume of the organic engine within the system, increasing the output (decompression rate) 4 fold.…”

“…As reported previously, the drug release unit was designed to consist of two units: the organic engine and the drug release unit. The second-generation system reported here was fabricated using the enhanced chemo-mechanical organic engine with GODþPOX membrane (Munkhjargal et al, 2013) immobilized with optimized quantities of PVA-SbQ and fluororesin coating. The drug release unit was improved by micro-processing a chase in the pressure release valve and drug release valve designed to act at constant pressure in the enhanced organic engine.…”