Glucose oxidase: Applications, sources, and recombinant production

Abstract

Glucose oxidase is a subset of oxidoreductase enzymes that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from an oxidant to a reductant. Glucose oxidases use oxygen as an external electron acceptor that releases hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). Glucose oxidase has many applications in commercial processes, including improving the color and taste, increasing the persistence of food materials, removing the glucose from the dried egg, and eliminating the oxygen from different juices and beverages. Moreover, glucose oxidase, along with catalase, is used in glucose testing kits (especially in biosensors) to detect and measure the presence of glucose in industrial and biological solutions (e.g., blood and urine specimens).Hence, glucose oxidase is a valuable enzyme in the industry and medical diagnostics. Therefore, evaluating the structure and function of glucose oxidase is crucial for modifying as well as improving its catalytic properties. Finding different sources of glucose oxidase is an effective way to find the type of enzyme with the desired catalysis. Besides, the recombinant production of glucose oxidase is the best approach to produce sufficient amounts of glucose oxidase for various uses. Accordingly, the study of various aspects of glucose oxidase in biotechnology and bioprocessing is crucial.

In Silico Analysis of Glucose Oxidase from Aspergillus niger: Potential Cysteine Mutation Sites for Enhancing Protein Stability

“…The GOx-based catalysis also uses oxygen as an electron acceptor. As such an important bioreaction involves glucose, oxygen, H 2 O 2 , and electrons, GOx has been applied to several domains, ranging from food and pharmaceutical sciences to biosensors and bioelectronics (such as glucose biosensors and enzymatic biofuel cells) [ 3 , 4 ]. Nevertheless, a formidable challenge pertaining to long-term stability, particularly in fluctuating temperature environments, impedes the progress of GOx-based biotechnology.…”

Application of biopreservatives in meat preservation: a review

“…Ge et al (2012) have shown that when the oxygen concentration was 1%, the growth and reproduction of microorganisms were significantly inhibited after use of GOD, which can prolong the shelf life of food. GOD can efficiently remove oxygen in foods, protect reducing substances in foods from being destroyed by oxidation and extend the shelf life of foods, which can serve as an ideal preservative (Khatami et al, 2021). Shen et al (2016) found that GOD has the optimal preservative effect at 4 °C.…”

Glucose oxidase production using a medicinal plant: Inula viscosa and optimization with Taguchi DOE

“…that specifically catalyzes the oxidation of β‐ Ɗ ‐glucose to Ɗ‐glucono‐1,5‐lactone or Ɗ‐glucono‐δ‐lactone with molecular oxygen as the electron acceptor, releasing hydrogen peroxide (Farid et al, 2013). GOX is a member of the oxidoreductase family of enzymes, which include oxidases, peroxidases, dehydrogenases, etc., that catalyzes reactions involving electron transfer from the oxidizing agents to the reducing agents in live organisms (Khatami et al, 2021; Trisolini et al, 2019). The presence of GOX enzyme was first reported by Müller (1928) in Aspergillus niger and Penicillium glaucum extracts and was subsequently purified (Leskovac et al, 2005).…”

“…This enzyme is also industrially used for gluconic acid (GA) production. GA is used in food, beverage, pharmaceutical, and textile industries and also in biofuel production (Khatami et al, 2021), and the consumption of GA and its derivatives is approximately 10 5 tons/year (Fernandes et al, 2021; Kornecki et al, 2020; Pal et al, 2019). However, for a cost‐effective and eco‐friendly process of GA production, the production of GOX enzyme by molds such as Aspergillus and Penicillium spp.…”

“…Fungal GOX has been widely used in several industries for many reasons, such as pharmaceutical/medical applications, textile industries, biofuel production, bird feed production, antitumor and antimicrobial agents, etc. (Dubey et al, 2017;Khatami et al, 2021). Microbial GOX production was achieved before using different microorganisms such as A. niger (Canli & Kurbanoglu, 2011;Farid et al, 2013;Garay-Flores et al, 2015;Mu et al, 2019), Yarrowia lipolytica (Darvishi et al, 2018), Pichia pastoris (Bankefa et al, 2018;Gu et al, 2014).…”