Glucose Monitoring via Reverse Iontophoresis

Ackerman, Neil R.; Berner, Bret; Biegajski, Jim; Chen, Qiang; Chen, Hilary; Conn, Tom; Dehal, Hardip; Dunn, Tim; Ewing, Al; Fermi, Steve; Ford, Russell; Jagasia, Priya; Jayalakshmi, Yalia; Joshi, Priti; Kersten, Brian R.; Kurnik, Ronald T.; Lake, Tim; Lesho, Matt; Lin, Jenn-Wei; Liu, David; Lopatin, Margarita; Mack, Lexa; Messenger, H. W.; Morley, Sam; Oliva, Michelle; Parris, Nicholas; Potts, Russell O.; Pudlo, Jeff; Reidy, Michael P.; Soni, P. L.; Tamada, Janet A.; Tierney, Michael J; Uhegbu, Christopher E.; Vijayakumar, Prema; Wei, Charles; Williams, Steven; Wilson, Don E.; Wu, Christine C.

doi:10.1021/bk-2000-0752.ch027

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The technique was first described by Glikfeld et al for extracting glucose, theophylline and clonidine (Glikfeld et al 1989). It was later combined with a glucose sensor in a real-time monitoring device called GlucoWatch Biographer (Ackerman et al 1999) (Cygnus, Inc., Fig. 12b).…”

Section: Sampling Of Other Bodily Fluids and Other Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The device requires the user to apply a plastic patch on the skin for periodic sample collection through reverse iontophoresis. Upon sample extraction, the electrochemical signal from the patch is transmitted wirelessly to a separate watch-like device that delivers the glucose level reading (Ackerman et al 1999).…”

Section: Sampling Of Other Bodily Fluids and Other Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of microsampling techniques and their social impact

Lei

Prow

2019

Biomed Microdevices

102

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Conventional skin and blood sampling techniques for disease diagnosis, though effective, are often highly invasive and some even suffer from variations in analysis. With the improvements in molecular detection, the amount of starting sample quantity needed has significantly reduced in some diagnostic procedures, and this has led to an increased interest in microsampling techniques for disease biomarker detection. The miniaturization of sampling platforms driven by microsampling has the potential to shift disease diagnosis and monitoring closer to the point of care. The faster turnaround time for actionable results has improved patient care. The variations in sample quantification and analysis remain a challenge in the microsampling field. The future of microsampling looks promising. Emerging techniques are being clinically tested and monitored by regulatory bodies. This process is leading to safer and more reliable diagnostic platforms. This review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of current skin and blood microsampling techniques.

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Section: Sampling Of Other Bodily Fluids and Other Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sampling Of Other Bodily Fluids and Other Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of microsampling techniques and their social impact

Lei

Prow

2019

Biomed Microdevices

102

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“…Drug molecules in different categories can be transported through this mechanism from the skin layer to electrode without any needling or pricking. Molecules are extracted from interstitial fluid with the implementation of small current through the layers of skin with two skin electrodes made with either silver or platinum [29]. It involves a simple mechanism to extract charged and neutral molecules also [30].…”

Section: Fig 1: Extraction Of Molecules Through Skins Extraction Mech...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Needle Free Monitoring of Blood Glucose Through Reverse Iontophoresis

et al. 2022

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The frequent blood glucose monitoring is highly critical in order to understand the progression of diabetes mellitus and to minimize the probabilities of associated complications. This focuses to the fabrication of a new device for individual blood glucose monitoring. However, this technology turned out to be painful owing to its finger-stick technique, resulting in compromised patient compliance and inconsistent results. A paradigm shift from invasive to non-invasive technique to combat the above-stated limitations became an attractive tool for the researchers. The evolution of reverse iontophoresis to extract the essential plasma biomarkers as well as blood glucose through the skin was the result of the extensive efforts of the researchers as a means to monitor the blood glucose levels. The technology utilises delivery of small amount of electric current through the skin to extract the target molecules. This concept has received tremendous attention in the past decade; however, the technology still needs stringent validation for widespread implementation. Thus, in the present review, we aimed to elaborate the underlying mechanism of the reverse iontophoresis technique in the evaluation of blood glucose levels through skin, its unique features and its advancements towards commercialisation, the challenges faced, additional applications and the future prospects. The review also updates about the other non-invasive glucose monitoring techniques in comparison to reverse iontophoresis.

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“…But noninvasive detection has been a popular study point because it doesn't take any wound to collect the blood sample and is convenient to be used. Up to now, many non-invasive BGM detection methods have been proposed, such as, reverse iontophoresis method [2], interstitial fluid harvesting [3], near-infrared spectroscopy [4], middle-or far-infrared spectroscopy [5], Raman spectroscopy [6], photo-acoustic spectroscopy [7], light scattering method [8], and ultrasonic method [9], etc. In these methods, NIR spectroscopy has been researching by over 100 research groups all over the world because it has a good application prospect in many fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a Novel Noninvasive Blood Glucose Monitor Based on Improved Holography Concave Grating NIR-Spectrometer

Ren

Liu

Huang

et al. 2011

2011 5th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering

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Real-time monitoring of blood glucose concentration (BGC) is an efficient way to prevent diabetes. And the noninvasive detection of BGC has been becoming a popular study point. In order to overcome some limitations and improve the performances of the noninvasive BGC detection based on spectroscopy, a novel blood glucose monitor (BGM) based on an improved NIR-spectrometer is designed in this paper. Meanwhile, a custom-built spectrometer for BGM based on the holography concave grating is developed. In order to eliminate the stray-light and improve the performances of the BGM, the grooves are delineated and black-painted on the inner-wall of the spectrometer. In addition, the linear CCD with combined data acquisition (DAQ) card and the virtual-spectrometer based on LabVIEW are used as the spectrum acquisition hardware and software-platform unit. Experimental results show that the wavelength range, resolution and spectral quality of the BGM are improved. The wavelength range of the BGM is 300-1000nm; its resolution can reach 1nm. Therefore, the BGM has the potential values in the research of the diabetes and BGC detection.

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Glucose Monitoring via Reverse Iontophoresis

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

A review of microsampling techniques and their social impact

A review of microsampling techniques and their social impact

Needle Free Monitoring of Blood Glucose Through Reverse Iontophoresis

Design of a Novel Noninvasive Blood Glucose Monitor Based on Improved Holography Concave Grating NIR-Spectrometer

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