Glucose metabolism patterns: A potential index to characterize brain ageing and predict high conversion risk into cognitive impairment

Abstract

identified using the scaled subprofile model/principal component analysis method, and cross-validations were conducted in both independent cohorts. A survival analysis was further conducted to calculate the predictive effect of conversion risk by using ARGMPs. The results showed that ARGMPs were characterized by hypometabolism with increasing age primarily in the bilateral medial superior frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyri, caudate nucleus, and left supplementary motor area and hypermetabolism in part of the left inferior cerebellum. The expression network scores of ARGMPs were significantly associated with chronological age (R = 0.808, p < 0.001), which was validated in both the ADNI and Xuanwu cohorts. Individuals with higher network scores exhibited a better predictive effect (HR: 0.30, 95% CI: 0.1340 ~ 0.6904, p = 0.0068). These findings indicate that ARGMPs

A Survey of Deep Learning for Alzheimer’s Disease

“…After ROI extraction, the reviewed studies commonly use GM tissue mean intensities, or volumes, of brain ROIs as features from PET, MRI, fMRI or other modalities [198]. Other measures include subcortical volumes [199,200], grey matter densities [201,202], cortical thickness [203,204], brain glucose metabolism [205,206], cerebral amyloid-β accumulation [207,208], and the average regional CMRGlc [209] for PET. The hippocampus is of particular interest in the reviewed papers; ROI-based methods have used 3D data and morphological measurements of its cortical thickness, curvature, surface area, and volume.…”

GlyNAC (Glycine and N-Acetylcysteine) Supplementation in Old Mice Improves Brain Glutathione Deficiency, Oxidative Stress, Glucose Uptake, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Genomic Damage, Inflammation and Neurotrophic Factors to Reverse Age-Associated Cognitive Decline: Implications for Improving Brain Health in Aging

“…Brain glucose hypometabolism is reported both in older adults and in AD [43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54]. Abnormal brain glucose metabolism is identified as a potential risk factor for ACD [55] and for conversion to AD [56]. Furthermore, aging and AD are both associated with declines in glucose transporters critical for glucose entry into the brain, astrocytes and neurons [56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63].…”

“…Abnormal brain glucose metabolism is identified as a potential risk factor for ACD [55] and for conversion to AD [56]. Furthermore, aging and AD are both associated with declines in glucose transporters critical for glucose entry into the brain, astrocytes and neurons [56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63]. Despite awareness of these overlapping abnormalities in aging and AD, little is known about whether these brain defects in aging can be reversed in an effort to improve cognitive function and promote brain health.…”

Improving Cognitive Function with Nutritional Supplements in Aging: A Comprehensive Narrative Review of Clinical Studies Investigating the Effects of Vitamins, Minerals, Antioxidants, and Other Dietary Supplements

“…These mechanisms encompass a spectrum of pathologies, ranging from microvascular issues [21], including blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption [22][23][24][25], impaired cerebral blood flow regulation [26][27][28][29], impaired glymphatic function [30], and small vessel disease [31,32] to macrovascular pathologies such as atherosclerosis [33] and stroke. Additionally, neuroinflammation [34,35], synapse loss, white matter damage [36,37] and changes in connectivity [38,39], neuronal metabolic dysfunction [40,41] and amyloid pathologies [42,43] play significant roles in the progression of cognitive impairment and dementia. These multifaceted and interrelated pathologies highlight the complexity of brain aging and the challenges in mitigating cognitive decline.…”